Tag: Featured Stories

  • The Last Dance

    The Last Dance

    Bishop DuBourg High School is quintessential South St. Louis. Subsidized by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis, it’s stricter than those wild public schools, more affordable than the elite single-sex academies, impervious to trends. DuBourg’s not known for anything in particular, yet it carries as much bloodline in its rolls as an Eastern-seaboard prep school: Slay kids go here as a matter of course, and this year’s student-council president, Kevin Butz, follows three brothers through — plus his uncle teaches there and his aunt used to and his grandmother works in the office, and his parents started dating there as sophomores.

    At DuBourg , security is rooted in family and tradition and knowing everybody in your world. Status is belonging to St. Gabe’s parish and living in St. Louis Hills (as opposed to a bedroom-stuffed gingerbread on the wrong side of Hampton Avenue). Fun is generally simple — a softball game, a backyard barbecue, a cruise to Ted Drewes — and it doesn’t change with the generations. Families stay for generations.

    And the planning of the prom is a fresh, giggly half-year process.


    Kent Hediger is nervous. A marketing teacher with the self-conscious, boyish charm of a young Bruce Boxleitner, he’s the senior coordinator this year — which puts him in charge of the senior prom. Veteran teachers regale him with past fiascos and walk away chortling. In late November, he bites the bullet, issuing an open invitation to work on the prom committee. Ice storms lead to the cancellation of the first two meetings, though, and by the time everybody returns to school in January, he’s pacing the halls, corralling the leader types. Shouldn’t they have a theme by now? “How about ‘Space Odyssey 2001’?”

    “Nothing beyond our atmosphere, Mr. Hediger,” Kevin drawls, and bubbly blonde Kelly Regan looks genuinely upset: “See, I’m thinking you guys are thinking that kind of stuff, and I’m thinking — something sweet. ‘Today’s dreams, tomorrow’s memories.’”

    Even Hediger groans.

    “Listen, I’m the first girl after three boys, and my mom’s already planning to go all out,” says Kelly. Her eyes soften. “I’m thinking something long and sparkly and elaborate. I like to dress for elegance and glamour.”

    “I’ve never had occasion to wear a tuxedo before,” Kevin says formally, then breaks down and admits that what he’s “wanted to wear forever is, you know the movie Big, the white-sequined tuxedo? I’ve looked everywhere.” Kelly is intrigued. “One of my brothers had Bugs Bunny on his vest,” she volunteers.

    “Nice,” says Kevin, drawing the word out.

    They talk about flowers, Kelly making sure Kevin knows what’s expected. “Oh, I’m great at flowers,” he assures her breezily. “Those ladies love you; they see you coming and break out the ribbon and say” — he adopts a trembly falsetto — “‘Oh, this will match perfectly!’ I usually just go with the wrist corsage, but someone told me it’s always smart to go with the wrist corsage and the bouquet. You know, ‘Prom’s special. Cost’s no option.’ Yes, it is.” A minute later he says, with a sort of awe, “I heard prom usually costs, like, $300.”

    “I wouldn’t say the sky’s the limit,” counters Kelly, “but I wouldn’t say I’m going to be really tight with it. My family’s always shopped for the best deals, but prom’s not the time for that.”

    Hediger, who has long since abandoned his agenda, listens while they talk about the prom’s dangers: Living all year in a state of suspended excitement, heaping all your fantasies on that one night, being really disappointed. Going wild afterward, throwing up on the party bus, getting thrown out of a hotel room, sliding half-drunk out of your canoe on a predawn float trip. “I don’t want anybody to die on prom night,” Kevin says with sudden vehemence.


    On Jan. 24, at the first official committee meeting, Hediger claims the moral high ground: There will be no mugs or wine glasses as prom mementos, because that encourages alcohol use. The music will be clean and tasteful. Dress, he’s not worried about: “Low-cut is very rare,” he says. “The seniors know what it means to be modest; they go to enough church activities.”

    The nine girls who have showed up to plan their prom shoot alert looks at each other, and class president Val Ricketts dares a smile. Val’s smart and funny, prettier than Emma Thompson, with a long neck and curly blond-brown hair and a horseback rider’s delicate, obvious bones. She’s nice to everybody but not saccharine; the undernote of irony endears her even to rebellious outsiders such as Chrissie Goia.

    Chrissie isn’t really friends with anybody else on the committee; whereas Val and the others came because “prom’s what everybody looks forward to,” Chrissie just hopes volunteering will help her get on the student-activities committee next year at Southeast Missouri State University. High school, she says, has been hell: “I think it’s because I’m from the county and there’s this stereotype here that county kids get everything they want. But I’ve stopped caring what anybody thinks.” Chrissie’s aunt and uncle and dad all went to DuBourg, but she doesn’t even fit in with them. Her family’s nearly all short and dark and Italian-loud; she’s slim and marble-skinned, with a white-blond ponytail, chunky platform shoes and urban attitude.

    When the other girls start suggesting themes, her eyes roll.

    “How about ‘Save the Best for Last,’ because it’s our last dance ever in high school and it’s the best thing you’re going to do?” offers banged, brown-haired Lauren Schulte, who looks like a tomboy one day and Audrey Hepburn the next. “When you think of high school, you will think of your prom.”

    “I’ve been dreaming of prom since I was in sixth grade,” Kelly agrees.

    Everybody does,” says another girl. “This is, like, right under my wedding.”

    They sent their Barbies to prom; watched prom scenes in teen movies; giggled at older sisters and brothers dressed up past recognition, departing in nervous ceremony. Now, finally, it’s their turn. Each harbors a slightly different scenario, but all want the night to be “special,” a break from ordinary time, a ticket that transports them somewhere more enchanted than a low beige-brick building on the corner of Hampton and Eichelberger.

    “I’m really stuck on gazebos,” admits Val, leafing through one of five fat pastel prom catalogs. “I want a gazebo so bad!” Lauren leans to look over her shoulder and quickly sticks a finger into the flipping pages: “This! What is this thing called?” She squints at the text. “A trellis. We could have our photos in front of a trellis with roses….”

    “‘Wish Upon a Star,’” somebody calls. “‘On the Edge of a Dream,’ because we are definitely on the edge of something!” counters Lauren. Then she has a brainstorm: “‘I Hope You Dance.’ Yes! The words it speaks are like lessons; it’s deep. Of course, how many people are really deep thinkers? But I still really like it. We could write that on the T-shirts: ‘When you get the choice to sit it out or dance’ — and then, in big type, ‘I hope you dance.’”

    There’s a murmur of agreement, even though, it’s noted, “not everybody likes country.”

    “What about ‘Unforgettable,’ because our prom’s unforgettable?” suggests Angie LeGrand, a redhead with curvy bangs, translucent fair skin and emotions just as transparent. “It’s a really cool song; I got it off Napster this morning.”

    “‘I Want to Be With You,’” someone proposes, and Angie’s face falls. “We are trying to stay away from lovey-dovey,” she points out, “for us poor single people who don’t have steady boyfriends.” They decide they can’t do “Oh What a Night,” either: “Teachers might be, like, ‘Oh, it’s a sexual song.’” Oddly enough, sex isn’t even in the room at these meetings: Prom’s romance is of a storybook sort, predating any particular boy. This thrill’s about having the door of the limo opened for you, not necking in the back seat.

    They rule out “Almost Paradise” because “it sounds like ‘Oh, this isn’t good enough?’” and “I Stayed Alive” because “it sounds like we clawed our way through high school eating rats.” Chrissie, seated down at the end of the long table, leans forward. “What I like about that one,” she says, “is, not everybody can say they were 100 percent happy with everything the whole time.” There’s a long silence, the first of the meeting. “But still,” Val says gently, “prom’s a happy time.”

    “What about ‘We Danced Anyway’?” suggests Lauren. “We are going to have grandchildren someday, and they are going to be getting ready for their prom, and here we’ll be, all shriveled up, and it’ll make us feel young again.”


    The committee presents a list of theme suggestions to the entire class (Val having reminded them, “People like to be asked”) and “I Hope You Dance” wins by 20 votes, with “Unforgettable” a close second. At the next Wednesday-afternoon meeting, a new issue burns: They all want graceful frosted-glass vases inscribed with the legend “Prom 2001,” but what memento should they order for the boys? No self-respecting DuBourg male’s gonna show up for one of these meetings and offer his opinion, so they’ll have to guess.

    The girls flip through the catalogs again. Would glasses be legal if they had candles stuck in them?

    “They won’t use candles anyway,” predicts Lauren.

    “My brother would,” says Angie. “He’s a huge pyro.”

    “Snow-globe picture frames?”

    Eventually they settle on customized “Prom 2001” Slinkys and make a note to inform Mr. Hediger.

    Now, the biggest question of all: whether to restore the prom-court tradition that’s making a comeback nationwide after decades of plain egalitarianism. “I’m starting to think no,” says Val, “because it’s supposed to be everybody’s special night, and it’s not fair to make it more special for somebody. Maybe we could buy cheap crowns and give them to all the girls — everybody’s a princess.”

    No way; it’d ruin people’s hair, the others say. They all (except Chrissie, who’s ready to gag) like the drama of royalty. Not king and queen, because that’s for homecoming — what about prince and princess? The class votes 97-39 in favor, so the committee decides to crown two sets of princes and princesses, avoiding a pure popularity contest (“Impossible,” mutters Chrissie) by letting the teachers make the initial nominations.

    Later that week, after combing South County Center, Kelly finds her elegant and glamorous dress — “long, light-pink, with a white glittery sheer overlay and spaghetti straps and the back kind of open.” Tiny Kim Hughes, who has a pale French-urchin look and an adorable lisp but could organize the Russian Army, goes all the way to Plaza Frontenac for hers, a coral strapless with sequins and a train and a little beaded shawl. “They send you a thank-you note,” she reports, “and they keep a log so nobody buys the same dress as another girl from their school.”

    All’s going well — except that now it’s spring, and Mr. Hediger, who’s really supposed to be at all the meetings, must coach on Wednesday afternoons. “No problem,” the girls say cheerfully. “We’ll meet at 7 a.m. on Fridays, before homeroom.”

    Hediger pales.


    It’s 6:45 a.m. on the first Friday in March, and the meeting room is locked. Chrissie’s outside, waiting in her car. Kim’s standing in the hall, flipping through Teen Prom, debating whether to buy halogen sandals that shine in rainbow colors. Becky Clark arrives wearing a light, shimmery lip gloss, her hair fresh. “I set my alarm for 4:30 so I’d have time to shower,” she explains, then confides in a rush that she hasn’t found a dress yet. “I went Thursday, but we really didn’t see too much, and I got bored. Besides, my mom wasn’t there, and I know she’ll be honest with me — she’ll say, ‘Oh, Becky, you’ve got a pooch there’ or ‘It makes your butt look big.’”

    This morning, they’re talking about the setting for their prom portraits: Last year’s toppled columns were a disaster. “It was supposed to look like the ruins of Rome,” says Val, “but people didn’t get it. They kept saying, ‘Why didn’t somebody pick these up before prom?’”

    OK, they’ll do French doors. Chrissie volunteers to check out the photographer’s backdrop, although in private she admits she’s still a little disgusted about “this king and queen, or prince and princess, or whatever. I’m totally against courts. Your prom should not be any more special to one person than the rest. They just want it because it’s cute.”

    At today’s meeting, the pressing worry is money: They’re contracted to The Cedars, the Slay-owned banquet hall adjacent to St. Raymond’s Maronite Church downtown, but the cheapest dinner, the buffet, is $28.20 per person, pushing the ticket cost to $40 apiece.

    “Don’t seniors usually have bake sales?” asks Lauren.

    “We can’t do it anymore because of hepatitis,” Kim reminds her.

    So they have to decide whether they can afford their favorite invitations, printed on sealed clear-plastic squares filled with glitter — and what about little table favors of bubble-blowers? “I think we are going a little overboard here,” Val says dryly. “Sticky stuff on the ground? I don’t think they’d like that at The Cedars.”

    Once again, they vote. The bubbles win overwhelmingly, but Val tries one more time: “So even if it comes to raising the price, you still want bubbles?” Nobody even bothers to answer. She sighs: “Bubbles it is.”

    They’re moving back and forth between girlhood and womanhood, fast as a weaver’s shuttle.


    Another 7 a.m. meeting, and Hediger manages to make it by 7:05. He bears good news: $28.20 was for a cash bar all night! Their buffet is only $22.

    He’s not enamored of the Slinky idea, though: “Whaddya think, that guys are just –” He stretches the sample Slinky wide, looking dubious. “Here, I’ll show you what I thought for guys. A simple frame –” he reaches for Anderson’s Prom and Party Catalog, then feels everybody’s eyes on him. “You really want the Slinkys?”

    Lauren sighs like a resigned wife: “Picture frames are fine.”

    Kelly comes in, swinging a bag of doughnut boxes. The girls slide them down the table slapshot, the aromas of chocolate and grease mingling with the scent of fruit-blossom shampoo. It’s time to plan table decorations: How about wreaths of purple flowers around hurricane lamps? Or votive candles floating in bowls with flower petals? And black tablecloths, they all agree, sprinkled with glittery star confetti.

    “Do we want fake flowers or real ones?” asks Kelly. “And who sets up the tables?”

    Turns out they do, that afternoon. “I know you guys get your hair done and your nails and your makeup and everything — takes five hours,” says Hediger, adding, “I don’t know why you guys do that; you guys look nice anyway. But I can’t go; I have to teach the underclassmen, so you will have to handle it.”

    They disperse, Becky muttering to herself, “I’ve got to find a date.”

    “If anybody cares, I still don’t have a date,” Chrissie announces almost cheerfully. “There’s a bunch of people who said they would go with me; I just have to narrow it down, depending on who’s not mad at me that week.”

    That evening, on the phone, she explains high school’s daily hell. “It’s the prejudgment of people,” she says. “They are uncomfortable with themselves. Or maybe they know I’m better than they are and they just don’t want to believe it.” She survives by escaping: “I like to just go for long drives or try to get away from people. And I love to dance. I plan to do nothing but go to dance clubs when I turn 18.

    “DuBourg’s very cliquish,” she resumes. “There’s the freaky people and the middle people and the preppy people, and you have all the jocks on top and all the other people seem to filter down a little bit below that, and none of those people can associate with anybody below them.

    “I really wanted to be on the committee because I figured I’d have a say in making it good,” she adds. “But that hasn’t happened too much, because of Mr. Hediger. He’s being very difficult.”


    Late March. Angie finds her dress, a white halter style with thin straps that crisscross in back and “that annoying poufy material from the waist down.” Now, she just needs a date. “There’s this guy at school I want to go with,” she confides, “and it’s nerve-racking. He’s kind of one of my good friends, and he’s the only one out of all my friends who doesn’t have a date, and so am I. All my friends are saying, ‘Ask Angie,’ but he’s being really stupid about it. He says he’s either going to go stag or just ask somebody the week before. But if he doesn’t ask me three weeks before, I’m just going to have to say something. My little brother told me to forget about Justin, because he doesn’t want me to be his fallback date. I guess I could ask this other guy who goes to St. Louis U. High, but….”

    But she really wants to go with Justin, and all the second-guessing, differing agendas and courtship games are driving her crazy. She’s worried about the limos, too: They only seat six, and a group of 22 friends is going together, plus some of the guys are threatening to invite friends from all-girl Nerinx Hall wherever they go afterward — which is rude. “They think we will never decide what to do,” explains Angie. “We tried to tell them that asking a bunch of girls from Nerinx isn’t exactly making plans for us!

    “I just hope it works out without a lot of hassle,” she finishes fervently. “I won’t have a good time unless all my friends are happy. We’re trying to avoid anything expensive, like renting a cabin for afterward, because some people are real low on cash. And I hope everybody’s hair goes well.”

    Val is dateless too, just less worried about it. Chrissie has decided to go with “my boyfriend — well, my ex-boyfriend. We were together for a year, and then we broke up, a little while ago.” Her parents, she says, don’t approve of him. They’re still friends, though? “I suppose you could call it that.” She sighs. “He’s always been very difficult.”


    Early April, and prom’s only a month away. Val has made sure the prom T-shirts and invitations are on order, but she’s a little distracted, because her mom has to have a hysterectomy. Just five months ago, the mother of Val’s good friend had a hysterectomy but died on the operating table when an aneurysm burst. Still, the freakiness of her friend’s loss is also obliquely reassuring: “If it happened to someone so close, it won’t happen to my mom,” Val tells her friends. “Lightning doesn’t strike twice.”

    Mrs. Ricketts goes through the surgery just fine. But the next morning, a blood clot migrates into her lungs. Val, the youngest in a close-knit family of four girls, gets the phone call at school: Her mother is dead.

    In seven days, she’s supposed to sing her heart out as Maria, the lead in the school production of The Sound of Music. The school cancels the Wednesday-night performance for her, but Thursday she goes onstage.

    The show’s a hit. Afterward, Val crashes. Lauren and Kelly take her out, but they don’t really talk about her mom. They figure she’s doing enough of that with her family. Besides, they don’t know what to say.

    When Val returns to school a few weeks later, an underclassman has stolen her parking space and she’s almost late and she gets a ticket parking on the street and “people want to be nice, so they’re all mushy and hugging me and asking, ‘How are you?’” she blurts. “You don’t want to say, ‘Great!’ but you can’t say, ‘Horrible,’ and make them feel bad, so you just brush it off, which makes them think you’re mad….”

    There’s the grief itself, the hole torn in her safe and happy family, the aching loneliness for her mom. Then there’s the strain of trying to protect everybody else from that grief, because it terrifies them.

    Reading what people write on the sympathy cards for Val, Chrissie decides, “It’s amazing to see how fake people are. ‘I’m here for you’ from people who never even hang out with her — don’t tell her that and then not be there.” Chrissie likes Val a great deal, but something more than the general hypocrisy is eating at her: “I hate to say this, but you already pretty much know she’s going to get it [prom court], because her mom died. We had a girl who got homecoming court last year, after her brother died in a car accident. I’m just sick of people winning stuff through pity and guilt and events beyond their control.

    “My dress is a $30 dress,” she says a few minutes later. “It’s this dark magenta-maroon color, and it’s a halter, and it comes up real high on the neck. My boyfriend said that was going to get on his nerves, and I said, ‘That’s too damn bad. I picked it out, and I look cute.’” She hesitates, again that actressy mix of spikiness and vulnerability. “It’s pointless spending a fortune for a dress you’re only going to wear one night, especially if you are not on prom court — although if I was part of the more cliquey, popular crowd, I probably would.”


    April 20, the last meeting before prom. Becky has found “a Snow White dress” with a lace-up black-velvet bodice and full white skirt — and a date to boot. Val arrives with a burst of energy, pale but trying hard. She throws herself into a chair, reaches into a paper bag and crunches on granola: “So what are we doing?”

    They run through the last-minute arrangements, Val heading off digressions with an impatient “Keep going, keep going.” Toward the end, Hediger gets soppy, telling them all how much they’ve helped him all four years and how, if he could pick the court, it would be all of them. Val smiles back, but her eyes are distant.

    Later she recalls, “The last dance I went to at DuBourg, my date ditched me! I thought that was the worst day of my life. It was actually my mom who told me, ‘If that’s the worst, you’ve got a pretty good life coming at you!’” She sighs. “What a naïve person I was then. And that was only three months ago.

    “This past year has been a blur,” she continues. “My mother’s death jolted everything into perspective. I used to be scared out of my mind to graduate high school, but now it’s such a big nothing. I’ve got life to worry about, not high school. And prom’s — just another thing.” She pauses, and her eyes get that distant look again. “I don’t think it’s going to be as magical as it would have been.”


    Friday, May 4. Prom night. The seniors have the day off — the girls traipsing from hair to nail to makeup appointments, the boys sleeping till 5 p.m. and then showering. Some show up in wingtips and white dinner jackets, some in swallowtail or three-quarter-length coats. Kevin chickens out: no white sequins.

    As for the prophesied modesty, there’s strapless and skintight and a backless, sideless black dress held on by straps as thin as leather shoelaces. “She doesn’t go here,” whispers math teacher Kathy Flood, watching eagle-eyed as the young woman walks, tall and tan and defiant, across the dance floor.

    Later, Flood brightens: According to The Cedars staff, DuBourg’s girls are quite modest compared with the students at Ursuline Academy and Nerinx Hall, who held their proms here last week. Everyone does look lovely, with their hair swept up on top of their heads and their dresses shimmering. One young man follows his date through the crowd, trying to figure out how to hold on to her — waist? hand? shoulder? — and how to slow-dance without stepping on her train. Girls tug nervously at the tops of their strapless gowns and give each other careful hugs, exclaiming with newfound social enthusiasm, “You look fabulous!”

    Angie shows up with neither of the prior contenders but a third young man named Jason. Stubborn Justin comes stag. Chrissie brings not the problematic ex-boyfriend but Tommy Chlebowski, a fresh-faced young man who keeps his hand chivalrously at her waist. Val’s with Charlie, a good friend since sophomore year, and she slips her shoes off in the photo line, relaxed in a way that’s only possible when you’re not with your dream date.

    The Cedars’ owner, Francis R. Slay (the mayor’s papa), stands outside, joking that he may just come to prom, too. The kids smile and keep walking. By 7:05 p.m., everyone’s seated at numbered tables, resigned to the eight-chair seating plan that first struck them as a cruel and arbitrary destroyer of friendships. The doors have officially closed (a reverse 7 p.m. curfew imposed to encourage promptness and safety). But at 7:10, a middle-aged man comes up behind Hediger’s chair and leans down to impart the bad news: “There are tardies.”

    Hediger frowns and rises. But by the time the salads are served, he’s back, his brow clear. “They tried to call,” he says, relieved that he could do, with a clean conscience, what he was going to do anyway, and let them in. The girls eat the mostaccioli and fried chicken just the way Kelly, at one of the early meetings, mimed: tiny careful bites, shoulders rounded in self-doubt and fear of spillage. Then, at a secret signal, chairs scrape and all the young women stand at once, funnel into the hallway and converge on the ladies’ room.

    Flood follows, smiles at the overheard exchanges (“Really, it’s not you — he’s just awkward“) and returns to the table. “One pack of cigarettes,” she murmurs to Hediger as she sits, “and stale smoke.”

    When the ballroom’s full again, the lights dim and triumphant music heralds the double coronation. Prince Chad Templin and Princess Lisa Kuntz walk up first, consciously slowing each step, as a teacher reads their bios into the microphone. A girl whispers loudly to her date, “He’s going to be a priest!” just as the teacher intones, “Prince Chad was recently accepted to Cardinal Glennon Seminary College by Archbishop Justin Rigali.” Applause bursts. Then the second couple start their stately processional: Prince Tim Damazyn and Princess Val Ricketts. More applause, heartfelt.

    As the royal couples begin to dance to the theme song, the teacher beckons, and everyone floods onto the dance floor to join them. Soon all of DuBourg’s seniors are swaying to “I Hope You Dance,” and, for a moment — no matter what they wore or whose arms they’re in — everything is perfect.

    Then the music speeds into “The Tootsie Roll,” and the energy explodes, as though whoever was holding the evening’s reins tight suddenly dropped them and kicked the pace to a gallop. Lauren, looking sweet in a pink dress that’s more sundressy than sleazy, takes the center with her longtime boyfriend, doing practiced spins and dips. Chrissie’s face loses all its pained eagerness and goes rapt as she whirls into and out of her date’s arms like a professional ballroom dancer. Halfway through the night, she gets kicked in the head while swing-dancing, takes an ibuprofen and goes back out on the dance floor.

    In the parking lot, the limos’ engines hum and the party-bus driver sits waiting, hunched with resignation. Some of the kids go to house parties — there’s a big one at Kevin’s house. Others rent hotel rooms or lakeside cabins. Nobody sleeps.

    The next day, they all agree prom was fun, a really good time. Nobody’s using words like once-in-a-lifetime anymore, though. The rite of passage complete, their minds have already flown to graduation and fall’s unprecedented freedom. Kelly is comparing the “packages” offered by William Jewell, where her mom went to college; the University of Tulsa, where her three brothers went; and Benedictine College. Chrissie wants to study business and then open a resort in Gulf Shores, Ala., where her grandparents live. Val’s heading for tiny Spring Hill College in Mobile, Ala., where she’ll play softball and study business, figure out “why people make money and how they are doing it.”

    They’ve crossed the line into adult society, where glitter and gazebos play a limited role and enchantment is always temporary.

    Realizing it is almost a relief.

  • Maybe in Memphis

    Maybe in Memphis

    Wherever James Cooper Green Jr. goes in Caruthersville, his reputation precedes him. They know his name at the courthouse and at City Hall, at the liquor store and the café. In casual conversation, he tends to reminisce about the town’s violent past, when Caruthersville, Mo., was known as “Little Chicago.” He broaches the subject in the same way other people talk about the weather.

    At his prompting, a woman at the Tigers Hut Café recalls how a bullet flew through her bedroom window when she was a child. The county prosecutor, its intended target, lived next door. Later, a 73-year-old man who once worked for Green’s father recounts how he shot and killed a fellow with a .38-caliber pistol. The boys at a local package-liquor store brag about smuggling machine guns over the state line.

    They’re not lying so much as telling Green what he wants to hear. He revels in the old stories most residents would prefer to forget, tales of bygone days when Caruthersville was the capital of vice in the Missouri Bootheel, times when bootlegging, prostitution and illegal-gambling interests controlled Pemiscot County. It was not so long ago, really. The Climax bar and the Seawall whorehouse have been razed. But other haunts remain: the shady businesses, the former sites of murder and mayhem. Though he left here decades ago, no one knows these places better than Green. When he returns, as he often does, respectable members of the community — the elder lawyer, the current circuit judge, the retired newspaper publisher — shun him. His mere presence stirs apprehension, if not fear. Rumors shadow him: Green is a drug trafficker in Florida. Green is an FBI informant. Green is a Mafia associate.

    “They’re scared to death of me in this town,” he says. “They always wonder what I’m up to. They’ll tell you I belong to the mob. They’ll tell you I work for the federal government. They don’t know.” Green is an enigma. Reviled by many and trusted by few, he trades in uncertainty as if his life depends on it.

    For more than 20 years now, Green has maintained that he has knowledge of the plot to murder the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. He testified behind closed doors before the House Select Committee on Assassinations in 1978; the testimony has been sealed by law until 2029. In 1997, he told his story to Dexter King, son of the slain civil-rights leader, in a private meeting.

    The next time Green set out to tell this story, he ended up in jail. He was on his way to meet a senior producer for CBS News in Memphis on Feb. 25, 1998, when he and his wife were pulled over in their Dodge pickup by the Shelby County (Tenn.) Sheriff’s Department narcotics unit. Green had ostensibly come under suspicion because police were investigating whether a methamphetamine lab was being run at the hotel where he had spent the night. The narcotics squad found no drugs, but Green was held in police custody for three days before he was released. Because of the arrest, Green missed a scheduled interview with Dan Rather for 48 Hours.

    The news program, which preceded the 30th anniversary of the assassination, focused renewed attention — based on theories promulgated by the late James Earl Ray’s last attorney, William F. Pepper — on a possible conspiracy to kill King. At the time, Pepper was peddling his own conspiracy theory, based on the claims of Loyd Jowers, former owner of Jim’s Grill, who said he had paid a Memphis police officer to kill King at the behest of a local mob figure. Rather dismissed Green’s involvement in one sentence, telling viewers that Green’s prison record showed him to have been in custody on the day of the assassination.

    But Green says that his prison record is wrong and that his 1998 arrest and subsequent discrediting are part of a continuing government disinformation campaign promoting the late FBI director J. Edgar Hoover’s “lone gunman” theory. Claims by Green that he possesses what may have been the murder weapon and one of the getaway vehicles make his assertions seem all the more preposterous. Prosecutors from the Memphis district attorney’s office to the U.S. Justice Department label him a convicted felon and an unreliable source.

    Yet there are untold elements that lend some credibility to Green’s far-fetched story. Despite his criminal record, Green has served as a local law-enforcement official and a federal undercover agent for years. Police officers and sheriffs have provided him with reference letters. More telling are Green’s FBI files, which provide a partial chronicle of his life over the last 35 years and corroborate many details of his account.

    “I just wanted to tell the story and disappear,” Green says. He is sitting bare-chested at a table in Room 16 at Pic’s Motel on Truman Boulevard in Caruthersville. The motel once served as a location for illicit high-stakes poker games. It no longer holds that cachet. The room smells of mildew and cigarette smoke. Outside, a rusty window-unit air conditioner sits beside the door. Other household debris litters the parking lot.

    “I’m serious. I’ve got a place in Colorado,” he says. “They’d never find me. I got several IDs I can use that I’ve had for years that they don’t know about — Social Security cards, voting cards, everything. And they’re legal; they’re not fake. I know how to do it. It’s the oldest trick in the book, how to disappear.”

    Green pauses to light a Misty 120 menthol cigarette, takes a drag and then coughs. Of his three tattoos, two are of the jailhouse variety — a dove on one arm, a hawk on the other. The third has “Jim” inscribed above a crudely etched dagger piercing a heart.

    A half-empty fifth of Gilbey’s gin sits on one corner of the table, near a bottle of prescription painkillers. Green, 54, continues fantasizing about changing his name, changing his life, starting anew. “The only thing you can’t make disappear is your fingerprints,” he says. “There’s a way, but I wouldn’t go through it. Too much work. Acid and sanding. You have to go to a doctor in South America to get it done. I ain’t going through that. I done lived too long, anyway. That’s the reason I sleep with that.” As he speaks, Green reaches into his black overnight bag and pulls out a .45-caliber semiautomatic handgun.


    Green’s tale begins in the fall of 1964, when he moved to St. Louis with his first wife and their infant son. Green worked downtown at International Shoe. When he turned 18 in January 1965, he dutifully registered for the draft, listing his home address as 2138 Victor Ave. But with his marriage in trouble, he took off for Caruthersville in March. The next month, he and a friend hit the road in a 1959 Ford Fairlane and ended up in Laredo, Texas. After crossing the border, they bought bus tickets to Mexico City. Once they reached the capital, they got a room at the Bonampak Hotel.

    According to the official FBI account, the two young men ran out of money after going on a spree, then asked the U.S. Embassy to pay their fare home. The embassy denied the request and advised them to call their parents. FBI communiqués describe the pair as “smart aleck, hostile, generally uncooperative and uncommunicative.” During an interview with an embassy official, Green’s partner — his name has been blacked out in the FBI records — reportedly displayed a switchblade knife and repeatedly flicked it open. They were considered armed and dangerous. After being spurned at the U.S. Embassy, the two decided to see whether they’d get a better reception at the Soviet Embassy, according to FBI records.

    Green remembers it differently. He claims that he met a CIA contact, a Mexican lawyer, at the border. His contact, he says, arranged for the sale of his car and directed him to meet a man at the Monterrey bus station who would provide further instructions and travel money. Once directed to the hotel in Mexico City, Green called a number at the U.S. Embassy. At an appointed hour that evening, an English-speaking cab driver took Green and his friend to a side-street café, where an embassy attaché advised them on how to present themselves when they visited the Soviet Embassy the next day.

    One aspect of the saga is undisputed. The FBI memos indicate that Green and his companion visited the Soviet Embassy on two successive days. On their second visit, they formally defected to the Soviet Union. When the pair left the embassy, they were promptly arrested by the Mexican secret police and jailed. On April 21, 1965, Mexican authorities deported the two young men.

    The case generated a flurry of secret cables. FBI field offices in St. Louis and San Antonio were alerted after urgent messages were dispatched from the U.S. Embassy in Mexico City to the FBI director’s office in Washington, D.C. The Memphis and Kansas City FBI offices would later be brought into the investigation. At headquarters, the attempted defection was discussed in internal memos among high-ranking bureau officials. The internal security, domestic-intelligence and espionage sections were all apprised of the situation. Portions of this correspondence have been redacted for national-security reasons. Two of the internal memos are completely blacked out. Ultimately, after an agent interviewed Green in September 1965, the FBI director’s office concluded that Green’s “Mexican escapade [was] obviously a youthful prank” and expressed no further interest in pursuing the case.

    By that time, Green had enlisted in the Army and was stationed at Fort Leonard Wood. In November, he got drunk with some of his Army buddies and drove in a stolen car to St. Louis, where he was arrested. He was convicted of car theft in Oregon County, Mo., and sentenced to three years in prison. At the Missouri Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Green says, he crossed paths with James Earl Ray, an inmate who worked in the laundry. Green was transferred to the Algoa Correctional Center, also in Jefferson City, and, later, to a medium-security prison in Moberly. During at least part of his incarceration, Department of Corrections records indicate that Green worked as an undercover operative for a deputy sheriff in Oregon County. But Green doesn’t recall doing that. He was released in late August 1967 and immediately resumed his criminal activities.


    At Moberly, Green served time with Moe Mahanna, a Gaslight Square club owner who was doing six years on a manslaughter rap for beating an Indiana tourist to death outside his bar, the Living Room. Being locked up with Mahanna opened doors for Green when he got out, helping him gain acceptance among a cast of St. Louis criminal figures, including East Side boss Frank “Buster” Wortman and labor racketeer Louis D. Shoulders. Just 20 years old, the Caruthersville youth had already put together a sordid résumé. He was an ex-con. He had a network of mob contacts. At 6-foot-1 and 185 pounds, Green could be at once arrogant, rebellious and physically intimidating. But his immaturity also made him pliable. St. Louis’ criminal syndicate could use a man like Green.

    Within a month of being released from prison, Green says, he and his friend Butch Collier met with Shoulders at Whiskey A-Go-Go, across the street from Mahanna’s club in Gaslight Square. The nightclub had a reputation for being a hangout of felons and other notorious characters. As early as 1958, Shoulders himself had been subpoenaed by the Senate Rackets Committee. He later took over Laborers Local 42, and, by 1967, with the Vietnam War raging, he had gained control over hundreds of jobs at the Gateway Army Ammunition plant, a project plagued by millions of dollars in cost overruns.

    When Shoulders walked into Whiskey A-Go-Go, Green recognized the man who accompanied him. The man, known by Green only as “Paul,” had been introduced to him earlier at a downtown pool hall by Collier. Green says Paul was then in his mid- to late 30s, about 5-foot-10, with a dark complexion. He wore a suit with an open-collared shirt and no tie, spoke with a Northeastern accent and had red hair. Paul, Green says, appeared to be acquainted with the management at the go-go club and seemed to be talking business with several people at the bar.

    The meeting, Green says, was not a chance encounter. It had been set up by Lee J. “Jaybird” Gatewood, Caruthersville’s crime boss. Jaybird had been contacted by Wortman, who controlled organized crime in East St. Louis, Southern Illinois and Southeast Missouri. Green says Paul agreed to pay Green and Collier $4,500 to pick up a truckload of stolen Cadillacs from a railyard in St. Louis and drive to the Town and Country Motel in New Orleans, headquarters of New Orleans Mafia don Carlos Marcello. Green says he didn’t realize who Marcello was until years later. Back then, Green was merely a driver. His entire criminal career to date involved alcohol and fast cars: running whiskey to dry counties in nearby Tennessee, Alabama and Mississippi and going on a drunken spree in the Army in a stolen vehicle.

    In contrast to his past exploits, Green’s next job seemed almost tame. Wortman’s rackets included providing “insurance protection” to vending-machine operators, including Broadway Music in Caruthersville, then owned by Harold J. “Bo” Young. A portion of the untaxed cash receipts was regularly shipped north to St. Louis. Less than two weeks after he dropped off the hot cars in New Orleans, Green says, he delivered a payment to Wortman in St. Louis and then met Paul at the downtown pool hall, where they had lunch. Paul lauded him for his work and then reached into his jacket pocket and flashed an FBI badge.

    “I thought I was going back to jail,” Green says. Paul assured him he was not under arrest, but Green left in a panic and hightailed it back to the Climax bar in Caruthersville. Green found Jaybird in his usual position, perched on top of his safe in the bar. “I said, ‘Jaybird, do you know this motherfucker is a FBI agent?’” Green recalls. Jaybird, he says, laughed and asked him whether he had shit his pants. The older crook then tried to calm him down. “Look, we do things for them. They do things for us,” Green recalls Jaybird saying. “It works the same way it does with the sheriff. All you got to do is trust what he tells you.”

    Green says he agreed to cooperate with Paul but continued to feel uneasy about it. Not only was Paul an outsider, he had identified himself as a federal agent and was becoming more involved in calling the shots. Over the next several months, Green recalls, Paul visited Caruthersville three or four times. The meetings, which were always held in the backroom of the Climax, at different times included Jaybird, Young, Collier, Green, Pemiscot County Sheriff Clyde Orton and Buddy Cook, the town’s most prominent bootlegger. At one of these meetings, Green says, Paul instructed him to pick up three rifles from a Caruthersville pawnbroker. After retrieving the weapons, he stowed them in a shed behind his parents’ house, in a duffel bag holding his Army clothes.

    Meanwhile, Green’s personal life had taken another unforeseen turn. His second marriage lasted only a week. This time, he moved south to Memphis, where he shared an apartment with Joe R. Tipton Jr., a Caruthersville friend. In late December 1967, Green got drunk on his way back from St. Louis and picked up a hitchhiker, Edward Fatzsinger. Once they reached the Bootheel, they stopped at the Idle Hour tavern in Hayti, where Green’s estranged wife tended bar. After leaving in a fit of anger, Green spied a 1966 Chevy Caprice in the parking lot and decided to steal it. It wasn’t a strictly impulsive decision. He knew of a Memphis stock-car driver who might buy the car for its 350-cubic-inch engine. Two days later, Memphis police knocked on his door and arrested him for interstate transportation of a stolen vehicle, a federal charge.

    Under questioning by the FBI, Green offered to give up the names of other criminals, including corrupt law-enforcement officials, if the feds dropped charges. But the agents refused, and Green remained in the Shelby County, Tenn., jail until Feb. 15, 1968, when he was transferred to the Springfield, Mo., medical facility for federal prisoners because he was spitting up blood. Green contends he faked the symptoms by sucking on his gums. After being held for observation for a little over a month, Green says, he was sent back to Memphis.

    On his first night back in jail, Green says, the chief jailer escorted him across the street to the federal building to confer with Paul, who informed him that he would be released immediately. Before leaving, Paul warned him not to make any further statements to the police.

    It is impossible to verify Green’s version of events through federal-court records, because they were routinely expunged more than a decade ago. Contacted by telephone, a spokesman for the federal hospital says the limited information available shows Green stayed at the Springfield facility until April 9, 1968, five days after King was murdered. Not surprisingly, Green disputes the official record.

    By his account, he had returned to Caruthersville by the third week of March and was working for his father at a lumberyard. He began courting his third wife and took her to the Caruthersville High prom. He also attended another meeting in the backroom of the Climax bar. The assemblage included Paul, Jaybird, Young, Orton, Collier and Green. Paul passed around a photograph of James Earl Ray, saying Ray had threatened to snitch on everybody and had to be silenced. Paul ordered Green and Collier to rendezvous with him in Memphis on April 2.


    On the afternoon of April 2, 1968, Butch Collier and Jim Green checked into a motel in Southhaven, Miss. That evening, they patronized a nearby massage parlor and then went out drinking. Paul showed up at their room late the next night and dropped a package on the bed containing $5,000. He promised an equal amount once the hit was carried out. Paul told them Ray planned to rob a tavern on South Main Street. Two Memphis police officers had been contracted to kill him as he attempted to make his getaway. If the police missed, Green, who was to be stationed on a nearby rooftop, would shoot Ray instead.

    That evening, Collier and Green drove back to Caruthersville to retrieve the weapons. When they returned to Memphis, they took a room at a motel on Lamar Avenue, near the airport. The next night, Paul showed up and explained the plan in detail. Three identical vehicles would be involved in the plot. Ray’s white Ford Mustang and another owned by Tipton, Green’s roommate, would be parked near a rooming house, Bessie’s, where Ray had taken a room. A third white Mustang would be parked down the street, near the Arcade restaurant. In case of a mixup, the third automobile would be used as the getaway car. It would be equipped with a CB radio to monitor police calls, and false identification papers would be stowed in the glovebox. Green would be positioned on the roof of a cotton warehouse south of Jim’s Grill, on the opposite side of the street.

    After the briefing, Paul, Green and Collier drove to South Main to familiarize themselves with the area. It was cloudy, with a light mist falling, and doubts were beginning to creep into Green’s mind. “I really didn’t know if I could do it,” he says. “So I kept asking Butch what was he supposed to be doing, and he said, ‘All I know is, I’m going with Paul.’ The pair went back to their motel room and talked. As thunder and lightning flashed outside, Collier went off on a long, rambling screed about his segregationist views. The conversation struck Green as odd, given the circumstances, but he tacitly agreed with his friend’s racist rant, not knowing its portent. Green had no idea King had preached his last sermon at the Mason Temple that night. He says he didn’t even know King had returned to Memphis. Moreover, he didn’t care. “King didn’t mean no more to me than anybody else. Back then, a nigger was a nigger,” Green says. “You either talked that way or your own white people would run you out of town. You might not agree with it, but you still had to act like you were prejudiced. And I guess, at that time, I was, to a certain extent.”

    The next day, about noon, Collier and Green drove downtown to the King Cotton Hotel. Butch dressed, as usual, in a navy-blue peacoat and plaid shirt. As they were seated at a back table of a restaurant on the ground floor, Ray walked in, sat down at the counter and glanced in their direction before exiting. According to Ray’s own account, he noted two suspicious characters staring at him when he mistakenly wandered into Jim’s Belmont Café at 260 S. Main St. later that afternoon.

    About 3 p.m., Collier dropped Green off near the rear of the warehouse. After crossing the railroad tracks, Green scaled a ladder and positioned himself on the roof. From his vantage point, he had a clear view of Jim’s Grill and Bessie’s rooming house. Fifteen minutes later, he saw Collier and Paul pull up in Tipton’s Mustang and park a couple of spaces behind Ray’s identical vehicle. They got out and entered different doorways. At the same time, to the south, he saw the third Mustang draw to the curb in front of the Arcade. The driver was picked up by another well-dressed man in a dark Chevrolet sedan. Ray then exited the rooming house and entered Jim’s Grill, followed by Paul. At 3:30 p.m., Ray left and walked north on Main Street. A few minutes later, Paul came out, looked in Green’s direction and then re-entered the rooming house. Ray returned.

    Green remembers the sounds that day: the pigeons cooing and flapping their wings on the roof, the sound of the traffic below, river tows blowing their horns behind him. It was the slack time of year for the cotton industry, but at 4 p.m. some employees milled below him. Fearing he would be seen, Green moved to a more secluded rooftop, four doors south.

    “I laid on that fucking building almost two-and-half hours,” Green says. “I heard every bird. I heard every noise. I seen everything I could see. I thought every thought I could think. And the question has always been ‘Would I have done it?’ I don’t know.”

    As dusk approached, Green grew edgier. Then, at 5:55 p.m., he saw Ray step from the rooming house and jump into the Mustang. Something had gone amiss. Ray hadn’t robbed the grill. No cops had arrived. Green hesitated. Paul had told Green that Ray would head south on foot. Instead, Ray drove north. Green waited, thinking Ray might circle the block. Five minutes passed, and he thought he heard a backfire. Within moments, Collier appeared at the front of the building across the street, followed by Paul, who dropped a bundle in a nearby doorway. Green heard screams and saw people running from the nearby fire station. Collier and Paul got into Tipton’s Mustang, drove north and then made a U-turn. Collier dropped Paul off at the third Mustang, parked next to the Arcade, and then swung behind the warehouse to pick up Green. By this time, Green could hear sirens, and police were starting to arrive.

    With Green riding shotgun, Collier cut over Third Street to Lamar Avenue and headed west. After crossing the Mississippi River, he pulled under the Memphis-Arkansas Bridge and tossed two rifles into the river. The pair headed north on Highway 61. Collier had driven all the way to Osceola, Ark., a distance of about 45 miles, before Green noticed the third rifle, still in the backseat. They decided it was too late to ditch the gun. They would have to wait. The remainder of the trip, Green says, they didn’t talk much, but Collier kept repeating the same phrase to himself: “I killed that nigger, I killed that nigger.” After Collier dropped him off at his parents’ house, Green says, he left the rifle with a friend who lived in the neighborhood. By the time he got home, his father was watching the news. Green went into the kitchen, poured a glass of milk, grabbed a handful of cookies, came back to the living room and sat down. On the screen was the image of the rooming house on South Main in Memphis. The TV news reported that a sniper had fired a shot from a rear window of the building, fatally wounding King as he stood on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Green says he almost fell out of his chair. It was the first inkling that his Memphis trip had been tied to something more than knocking off a two-bit hood.

    Green borrowed his father’s car and sped to the Climax bar. On his arrival, Jaybird ushered him into the backroom. Green recalls Jaybird telling him that he had “fucked up by not killing Ray, and everybody [was] covering their tracks.” Green says Jaybird instructed him, if asked, to say he had been gambling all day at the Climax. Jaybird told Green to go home and lie low. Two days later, on April 6, Jaybird called Green to a meeting in the backroom. All the major players attended: Paul, Wortman, Shoulders, Young, Orton and Collier. All the persons named by Green, with the possible exception of Paul, are dead. Paul remains unidentified. This leaves no one to corroborate Green’s account of the meeting, which Green could not have attended if he was incarcerated in the prison hospital as his record indicates.

    During the alleged meeting, Green recalls, Paul referred indirectly to his superior. Paul said that his boss would go to any length necessary to shield himself from being implicated, Green says. Because Paul had earlier shown him FBI credentials, Green inferred that someone higher up in the bureau was involved. The contract on Ray remained in effect. Green and Collier were each issued a .38-caliber Brazilian-made Rossi pistol and told to stand by.


    Green’s account — a subplot within a larger conspiracy that has Ray set up as King’s assassin but then murdered by police or by Green — is incredible by any measure, so fantastic that the U.S. Justice Department has chosen to disregard it altogether. When the department issued its latest findings, last June, it didn’t even refer to Green. The department undertook the investigation to look into recent allegations regarding the assassination, including Jowers’ claims, after being asked by the King family. Essentially, the government has deemed Green an unreliable witness, if not a liar and a fraud. Barry Kowalski, the Justice Department lawyer who headed the investigation, refuses to comment publicly on Green’s allegations. An investigation conducted by the Shelby County District Attorney in 1998 also gave no credence to Green’s story.

    The version of events Green told the Riverfront Times has discrepancies as well. The inconsistencies relate mainly to locations and place names, errors that could be explained as lapses of memory on Green’s part. Less explicable are Green’s two mystery men: Collier and Paul. Collier appears to have used more than one name and is likely dead. His participation in the conspiracy cannot be confirmed, except through Green. As for Paul, there is no readily available way to verify whether he ever existed.

    Green’s only true believer is Lyndon Barsten, a Minneapolis-based conspiracy researcher. The two have teamed up and hit the conference and lecture circuit together. Barsten spends all his spare time delving into the King case. He considers it his search for the Holy Grail. To his credit, Barsten is responsible for obtaining Green’s FBI records through the Freedom of Information Act. “What Jim is saying makes perfect sense to me,” Barsten says. “There is documentation to back up what he has to say.”

    Barsten notes that the bureau’s records show that Eugene Medori, an FBI agent in Memphis, displayed a photo lineup to Ralph Carpenter, a clerk at the York Arms Co., on April 6. Ray had bought binoculars from Carpenter on the afternoon of April 4. At this time, the FBI had yet to identify Ray as a suspect. One of the mug shots was of Byron De La Beckwith, a white supremacist and a suspect in the 1963 murder of civil-rights leader Medgar Evers. (More than 30 years later, De La Beckwith would be convicted of the murder.) The agent also showed Carpenter a photograph of Green.

    “Now, why was I in a lineup with De La Beckwith?” asks Green. “I ain’t no killer. All of them boys are Klansmen. I’m just a car thief. What am I doing there? I’m in the lineup of the FBI, two days after King’s killing. What am I doing in that lineup — if I’m in jail?”

    Medori’s name also shows up on the witness list of Fatzsinger, Green’s co-defendant in the car-theft case. Solely on the basis of his Springfield medical record, Green is presumed to have been held without bail from his arrest in December 1967 until his sentencing on July 12, 1968.

    On May 15, however, the Memphis FBI office dispatched an urgent cable to its counterpart in St. Louis, requesting that James Cooper Green of Caruthersville be interviewed. The message refers to an earlier communication dated May 1, 1968, which identified Green as the inmate who may have been beaten for not paying for amphetamines purchased from Ray while the two were behind bars in Jeff City. The cable mentions that Green was “currently on bond following indictment … [in] Memphis.” Nevertheless, the date on the cable still does not contradict the Springfield record that shows Green to have been there until April 9.

    Other memos in the MURKIN file (“MURKIN” is the bureau’s code name for the King case) show the FBI focusing attention on Caruthersville and the Bootheel — after the bureau had identified Ray as the prime suspect on April 19.

    From May 15-20, 1968, for example, the St. Louis field office, in cooperation with local law-enforcement officials, canvassed individuals and businesses in the Bootheel that received phone calls placed from a Sinclair service station in Portageville, calls believed at the time to have a connection to the case. The FBI office in Chicago also searched for J.D. Dailey, a presumed associate of Ray’s who had recently moved from St. Louis to Portageville, Mo.

    “Why is the town of Caruthersville mentioned in all these documents?” asks Green. “Not just one FBI office, but four or five.”

    Caruthersville crops up in the MURKIN file again, more than a year after the assassination. By this time, Ray had pleaded guilty, then quickly recanted. Despite Ray’s renewed plea of innocence, his biographer, William Bradford Huie, cast him as the lone assassin in a 1968 Look magazine series. In the last article, Huie wrote that Ray stayed at a motel near Corinth, Miss., on April 2, 1968. This prompted FBI headquarters to order its field offices in Birmingham, Jackson and Memphis to investigate Ray’s whereabouts between March 29 and April 3. Motel registrations were scrutinized to determine whether anyone had accompanied or contacted Ray during this period. Headquarters advised the field offices not to divulge that their inquiries were related to Ray’s case. But after the Jackson FBI disseminated the motel-registration names to other branches across the country, headquarters did an about-face and halted the investigation:

    “In view of the fact that more than a year has passed since these persons stayed over night at Corinth, and since similar investigation of this type in this case has previously been unproductive, and since Huie has admitted that Ray frequently is untruthful in statements to him, and further since it is not believed that it is of any particular importance to establish whether or not James Earl Ray stayed over night at Corinth on 4/2/68, all offices will disregard the leads set out in Jackson airtel dated 5/7/69 unless specifically advised by the Bureau to cover same.”

    T

  • The Champ

    The Champ

    The village of Champ sits on a plot of land overlooking the busy interchange where Interstates 70 and 270 meet in a tangled web of concrete. It isn’t much. There’s a massive limestone quarry carved into the hillside, owned by Fred Weber Inc.; a sprawling set of buildings belonging to Grace Church; and, beyond a metal gate bearing a faded “No Trespassing” sign, four neatly kept ranch-style houses lining one side of a street. A fifth home is under construction.

    Champ is so small, in fact, that with just 14 residents, it ranks as the tiniest municipality in all of St. Louis County. There are no signs delineating its boundaries, no City Hall. And Champ’s five-member board of trustees, which governs the village, comprises half of the adult population.

    More than four decades ago, when Champ was officially incorporated, the village’s founder, Bill Bangert, pictured more. Much more. In his mind’s eye, he could imagine a massive 115,000-seat domed stadium that could accommodate virtually any sport — baseball, football, track and field, swimming and diving, basketball or hockey — and the largest of conventions. His vision included a huge restaurant with enough seats for 1,500 people, suspended nearly 400 feet in the air at the apex of the dome and accessed by moving sidewalks 600 feet long. His sports center would include a shopping mall with 2 million square feet of retail space and a 27,000-car underground parking garage that could be converted into a fallout shelter large enough to accommodate 600,000 people.

    This wouldn’t be just any stadium. “METRO,” as he called it, was meant to be an Olympic stadium, an $87 million behemoth grandiose enough to lure the Pan American Games and the Summer Olympics. As a former mayor of Berkeley who’d founded a successful road-building company, Bangert was an imposing man who figured anything was possible. This was a man who had literally dodged a bullet fired through his car window and once competed in a national shot-put competition at Madison Square Garden while blind in both eyes, finishing in second place. He figured he could overcome the odds with his planned municipality, which he hoped to pay for using an unusual bond-financing scheme. He eagerly promoted his grand plan, taking a scale model of his stadium to meetings with potential backers in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and even far-away Yugoslavia. “I can’t miss, absolutely,” Bangert said in 1959, the year the village of Champ was incorporated. “I believe construction will start this spring, that it will be in operation by 1962.”

    But the stadium Bangert envisioned was never built, and numerous obstacles meant that Bangert would never develop his 300-acre village or adjoining industrial park, either. His 4,800-square-foot home built in the village was foreclosed on, and he was forced to file for bankruptcy. In the late 1970s, his personal and professional life in shambles, Bangert moved west to California to get away from it all. But the village of Champ remained on the map.

    More than two decades passed before Bangert returned home to Missouri. He now lives in a comfortable frame home with a big front porch in rural Marthasville, more than 40 miles from Champ. And so much time has passed that his idea of a domed stadium is no longer futuristic; nor is his proposal to develop the vast floodplain, now called Riverport. Bangert, now 77, figures his timing was off. “They accused me of being 30 years ahead of my time, and they were just about right,” he says, chuckling. But Bangert isn’t sitting around reflecting on the past. He’s still throwing the shot put and the discus and winning medals across the country, and his mind continues to churn out unusual ideas, albeit on a smaller scale — from staging a “commemorative Olympics” in St. Louis in 2004 to displaying a long-forgotten religious painting at Busch Stadium.


    The seeds for Bill Bangert’s dream for the village of Champ were planted long before he took steps to incorporate the swath of farmland near the site of what was to be a major interchange of two highways. Athletics had long been important to Bangert, a man who stood 6-foot-5 and weighed 265 pounds then, and he dreamed of becoming the first athlete to compete in the Olympics in both boxing and track and field.

    Bangert played football and baseball at Berkeley High School and, later, at the University of Missouri, where he established a reputation as a top track-and-field competitor as well, winning the NCAA discus throw in 1944 and 1945. He was also an accomplished singer, a baritone who attended his final year of college, at Purdue University, on a glee-club scholarship. He later met his wife, a former Muny Opera singer, while both were soloists at Central Presbyterian Church in Clayton.

    Bangert continued to compete after college, holding the Amateur Athletic Union championship for the shot put in 1945 and 1946. He gained fame as a St. Louis Golden Gloves champion and hoped to qualify for the Olympics in boxing, but he lost in the semifinals of the Olympic Trials.

    Bangert’s family owned a successful road-building company and St. Louis County Transit Co. In 1947, he started Bill Bangert Construction Co. as a one-man hauling venture, but he would later go into business with his two brothers, including his twin, in Bangert Bros. Road Builders Inc. And he ventured into politics: Elected mayor of Berkeley in 1950, he served for more than six years. For Bangert, that time was punctuated by tremendous swings of fate.

    At age 28, Bangert lost sight in his left eye because of a disease that caused recurrent hemorrhaging in the microscopic blood vessels surrounding his retina, resulting in scar tissue that caused the retina to detach. The disease soon affected his right eye as well, resulting in total blindness. He feared he’d never see again, until surgery in the spring of 1952 miraculously restored vision in his right eye. Bangert was able to see his daughter, 16-month-old Sharon, for the first time since shortly after her birth.

    In 1954, Bangert decided to run for Congress as a Republican, promising the “singingest campaign you ever heard.” When he received a threatening note warning him to “lay off the labor men in this campaign,” it made the newspapers, though Bangert publicly dismissed the threat as the work of a crank. But two weeks later, in a bizarre incident, Bangert told Berkeley police that his car had been struck by a bullet as he was driving home around midnight, shortly after dropping off a babysitter. To this day, Bangert is unsure whether he was an intended target or the victim of an errant gunshot, but the .32-caliber bullet entered his left front window, hit a metal molding and ricocheted onto the seat. Splinters of glass from the window lodged in his left eye, requiring surgery. Luckily, Bangert says, his left eye was his blind eye.

    Bangert lost the race for Congress, but he wasn’t discouraged. He continued to serve as mayor of Berkeley until 1957, when he resigned after voters eliminated the mayor’s seat and opted for a council/manager form of government. In 1958, he left his job at Bangert Bros. and announced his plans for the village of Champ.


    Bangert had hatched a plan for what he described as a “controlled municipality.” Combining his interests in government, business and sports, he came up with his idea for the domed stadium at the intersection of what was then the Mark Twain Expressway and a proposed circumferential highway — what St. Louis now has in I-70 and I-270 — about five miles west of Lambert Airport.

    His idea was a novel one. He wanted to legally incorporate a small village of about 300 acres on undeveloped farmland, where the stadium would be built, and issue tax-exempt revenue bonds to finance construction of the stadium and a massive shopping mall. Rentals to businesses occupying the facilities would go to retiring the bonds, and the rent payments could be written off by the businesses as operating costs, resulting in a savings in federal income taxes.

    The municipality would provide no fire or police services and would have just a skeleton crew of residents, including Bangert and his family — just enough people to form an official municipal body to oversee the stadium and surrounding businesses. He hired an architect to draw up plans and brought a scale model to a meeting at the Chase Hotel of city and county business and government officials. He hoped to lure the 1964 Summer Olympics.

    Bangert built a large four-bedroom French colonial for his family, complete with a circular drive surrounding a removable aluminum flagpole. Bangert sometimes tossed the flagpole like a caber — he actually used it in several track meets. Naming the village was easy. He called it Champ. He explains: “Because of the connection to sports and athletics. It was the epitome of sports, so that’s why I chose it.” Perhaps coincidentally, perhaps not — depending on whom you ask — it was also the last name of one of Bangert’s early partners in the venture, Norman Champ, who served on the Berkeley Board of Aldermen when Bangert was mayor and was owner of Champ Spring Co. Champ the businessman bought 120 acres of what became Champ the village.

    “I went to the [Missouri] Legislature and asked to incorporate the village, and they did, and the [St. Louis] County Council did, too,” Bangert says. “It wasn’t easy. We really incorporated mainly to build the stadium, the enclosed stadium. At that time, all we had in St. Louis was Sportsman’s Park at Grand and Hebert in North St. Louis, and it was very obsolete.”

    “The idea caught on right away,” Bangert says, “a restaurant 350 feet up in the dome, surrounded by a shopping center. Back then, all we had were the beginnings of shopping centers. This was one big giant mall that would have been bigger than any mall in the United States, even today. We had a lot of people excited about it. The shopping was combined with the stadium, so someone who didn’t want to watch a football game could go shopping.”

    Back in 1959, when Champ was incorporated, then-County Supervisor James H.J. McNary called the project “a great thing for St. Louis County, its neighbors and the entire metropolitan area of St. Louis,” according to newspaper accounts. George Halas Jr., son of then-Chicago Bears owner George Halas, was among the celebrities who attended dedication ceremonies. “It’s a magnificent project and I hope it is built,” he told the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. “These huge stadiums must come eventually.” Representatives of five businesses declared their intentions to locate at the facilities once they were built. They included the president of the Chase Hotel and Edward and Donald Schnuck of Schnuck Markets.

    But not everyone was enthusiastic. Much of the opposition came from downtown St. Louis interests: “They thought it would relocate the center of gravity of St. Louis and disturb Downtown Inc., etc., and they weren’t going to have [a stadium] out in the county, that’s for sure.” Bangert says environmentalists also opposed development in the floodplain. And by the summer of 1959, Champ — with a population of 14 residents, half of them Bangert and his family — was dealt its first blow when Gov. James Blair vetoed a bill, approved by two-thirds of the Legislature, that would have allowed the village to issue $87.5 million in revenue bonds to build the stadium and shopping center. After that, things began to spiral downward.

    Bangert, and others, say his talk of a domed stadium in the county spurred downtown businessmen to pursue more vigorously the idea of an open-air stadium in downtown St. Louis (Busch Stadium opened in 1966). And because of that, Bangert began to shift his focus somewhat, pushing to create an industrial park on the floodplain next to Champ. But even those plans were dealt one setback after another. The County Council refused to allow the annexation of 3,100 acres in 1961 and suggested that Champ disincorporate because its plans for the stadium were not materializing. A grand jury was convened to look into whether steps should be taken to dissolve the village, and the next year, Thomas Eagleton, then the state’s attorney general, started legal proceedings to dissolve the village — a case that ended up before the Missouri Supreme Court twice.

    Eagleton says he can’t recall all the details, but he describes Bangert as a “real promoter who concocted all kinds of pipe dreams that I deemed to be unrealistic.”

    The Supreme Court later ruled that although the village was legally incorporated, it could not annex the 3,100 acres, finding that the village was “not equipped to supply any services to the annexed area.” But Bangert wouldn’t give up, and in 1965 and 1967, Champ attempted to annex about 1,000 acres. Bangert continued to cling to his dream, going to New York in 1967 to bid for the 1971 Pan American Games. In 1968, he competed in the Highland Games in Scotland. He made a run for lieutenant governor, filing as a Democrat, with a platform that included bringing the Olympic Games to Missouri in 1976 and promoting horse racing as a means of subsidizing the school system and reducing taxes. Once again, Bangert lost the race.

    In 1969, the Missouri Supreme Court again ruled against the annexations. The long court fights doomed Bangert’s efforts to develop Champ. “When the Supreme Court denied our annexation, what could I do with the land?” Bangert says. “I couldn’t sell it as industry. I couldn’t develop it. I couldn’t do anything with it.” And although the R.C. Can Co. relocated to Champ, no other industries followed. Bangert filed for bankruptcy in 1971, listing debts of $3.3 million. He lost his home, the French colonial where he and his wife raised their five daughters, and every bit of land he owned in Champ.

    Bangert acknowledges that his scheme was troubling to some. “In my case, it was the solo enterprise they objected to, so I was my own worst enemy,” he says. “They felt no one person should have control of 3,000 acres and develop it with public financing.” Still, he has no regrets: “I think I did all I could.”

    Norm Champ Jr., whose father bought 120 acres of what became Champ, describes Bangert’s plan as a “house of cards” built on other people’s money. He says his father got involved with Bangert when the family’s land, near Lambert Airport, was being taken for use by the expanding airport: “They kept taking our land away and our land away, and when they do that, you can reinvest, and we bought this land and sold it for a profit. [Bangert] came up with this proposition to create Champ, Mo., and to build a stadium and incorporate it into a city and invite the Olympics. We got involved,” Champ says, “because Champ is a more Olympic name than Bangert.”

    But it all fell apart. Bangert, Champ says, never had the money to exercise the options on the adjoining 1,500 acres and gave one landowner $30,000 in earnest money using a worthless check, telling him: “Don’t cash it — it will bounce.” In another instance, Champ says, Bangert “had this trench dug, and he was going to have a canal in from the river, and I said, ‘Bill, how did you afford to get this trench dug?’ and he said, ‘I gave him an option on the land,’ and I said, ‘Bill, you don’t own the land.’” (Bangert says he did write a $30,000 check to the landowner but says it wasn’t supposed to be cashed unless he exercised the option. As for the trench’s being paid for with an option, Bangert says, Champ “has got something mixed up.”)

    Champ says a combination of factors killed Bangert’s dream. “When the state declared it couldn’t be incorporated and the county fought this thing of building the buildings and having them be tax-free, it was just beat down,” he says. “There were too many people against it. It ended with Bill filing for bankruptcy. Bill’s fun, he’s interesting, he has great ideas. He’s a character out of this world. But I have a saying about a lot of people, especially in politics: If they tell me the sun’s going to come up tomorrow morning, I’m going to check, because, odds are, it won’t.”

    Champ does believe the stadium was a good idea. And he credits Bangert’s domed stadium with pushing downtown forces into action. “The timing was such [that] it really put Busch Stadium on the map. It really moved them to go ahead with Busch Stadium. It is what finally pushed them over the edge, and I give him credit for that.”

    For Bangert, the professional losses took a toll on his personal life and nearly ended his marriage. In the late 1970s, he headed west to California to get away from it all. “It was pretty tough,” he says. “After a while, a certain bitterness sets in. I felt if I were going to get on with my life, I had to get away from this whole thing and start over.” He moved to Anaheim, managed commercial properties and lived in the shadow of Disneyland.

    He continued to take part in shot-put and discus competitions, and he and his wife regularly sang together in Christian operas and, once, on Robert Schuller’s Hour of Power. He wrote a screenplay based on his life and his lifelong romance with his wife, figuring he might as well while he was so close to Hollywood. He pitched it to Disney.

    Bangert describes his story: “It was the idea of staging the Olympic Games; I was a national champion in track and field and boxing — that and the romantic angle of my wife and I and our singing together in opera. I think it carries forth a lot of romance,” he says. “It could make a very romantic story. I see a lot of junk on television today that has no storyline whatsoever. It doesn’t take a genius to figure out there is a lot of human interest in that.”

    Disney wasn’t interested.


    Over time, road-builder Fred Weber Inc. bought up much of the land in Champ and continued digging in what is now a massive limestone quarry. Champ remained a municipality — one of more than 90 incorporated small cities in St. Louis County — and though the village’s population has fluctuated over the years, today it stands at 14. It is still governed by a five-member board of trustees. Mary Kinsella, who has lived in Champ for 18 years, is the clerk. Her husband, Matthew, is the chairman. He works for Fred Weber, and they rent one of four homes in Champ, also owned by Fred Weber.

    “The thing about the village,” Kinsella says, “is, it’s like living in the country but being in the suburbs. We have deer, coyote, wild turkeys in October. It’s kind of removed from the city atmosphere, yet it’s right here at 70 and 270,” she says. “We still function as a village; we have a monthly meeting with the board of trustees, and business goes on as usual. We just keep plodding along.” After elections, Kinsella says, it isn’t unusual to get calls from the media inquiring about Champ’s 100 percent voter turnout. But with 10 voters, getting good turnout isn’t that hard, she says.

    Anyone driving by Champ might miss it in a blink. “How would you know you were in Champ?” Kinsella asks. “It doesn’t have any distinguishing factors that would say, ‘I just went through the village of Champ.’ There are no signs that say you are in the village of Champ. You wouldn’t know you were in something different,” she says. Kinsella, in fact, doesn’t even tell people she lives in Champ. “Goodness, no,” she says. “Then I have to explain it to people, and they just stare at me.”

    Most of Champ today is, quite literally, a hole in the ground, and what may be most remarkable is the massive development that has sprouted up around it, including the hotels and office buildings of Riverport, Riverport Amphitheatre and other Earth City development. As for Bangert, there’s nothing in the village he founded that honors him, but Kinsella says residents have heard of him: “I never met Bill Bangert, but I knew about him when I moved back up here; people in general know about him, from reading about it.” Out of curiosity, she says, “I looked up stuff in the Post from way back when.”

    Back in the late ’50s, many questioned the wisdom of Bangert’s idea of commercial and industrial development in that floodplain — yet that is precisely what occurred in the years after Bangert left. “They said I was 30 years ahead of my time, and it was about 30 years before it took off,” he says. “There is no way I could have held onto it that long, but if they’d left me alone, it would’ve taken off like a house on fire!” Bangert says his proposed form of financing for constructing new facilities — municipal bonds paid for by the leases of the business that occupy the facilities — resembles today’s tax-increment financing (TIF). “It’s all based on the same thing, that taxes generated from that project go to the city for a specific purpose, and that’s what they’re doing.” Bangert was among the region’s first advocates of urban sprawl — he proposed a massive shopping mall 20 minutes from downtown long before malls had sprouted on the suburban landscape, and his idea for a domed stadium preceded the country’s first, the Houston Astrodome.

    Because of his seemingly outlandish ideas, Bangert “wasn’t treated very nicely by the media,” says Carl Stifel, who was involved in some of the real-estate deals involving Champ. “He was ahead of his time in his ideas, but a lot of them were very, very good.”

    Former St. Louis County Executive Gene McNary remembers when Bangert ran against former County Supervisor Lawrence Roos. “I remember the debate, because Bill Bangert was quite a character. He had gone to the Scottish Highland Games and was some kind of he-man discus-thrower or shot-putter. I think he was exceptional, and he went away with a medal. I don’t know the whole story, but he was famous for that, and he talked about it in the debate — how he’d won all these medals and he was happy about it but he’d really be happier if he was elected county supervisor.” Bangert lost.

    But, McNary says, as crazy as some of Bangert’s ideas may have seemed decades ago, they don’t seem so crazy now: “It was so far off, and, yet, where is the village of Champ? That’s where Riverport is. Today there is an amphitheater there, and that’s where I was going to put a domed stadium in order to keep the football Cardinals in town. So Bill Bangert wasn’t so far off with his ideas, but he sure was pretty far ahead of his time.”


    After an absence of nearly 20 years from Missouri, Bangert and his wife, Rosemary, returned in 1997 to be closer to two of his five daughters, one of whom now lives down the street from him and another who lives in OFallon, Mo. At his home in Marthasville, he still works out for at least an hour every day, throwing a discus in the yard that his dog, Jake, fetches for him. He exercises on a treadmill, ski machine and stationary bike in his basement. More than three dozen medals hang on the wall — all of which Bangert won after he turned 70. He says it is athletics that has helped him get through his many defeats. “Competition has been an antidote for me to deal with all these problems,” he says. “I could come home and work out for an hour and get rid of all that tension. Athletics really saved my life.”

    He has kept busy competing in events across the country and in Canada, in senior and masters games, regularly finishing in first or second place. Rosemary was recently Mrs. Senior Missouri. Bangert takes some credit for it: “I was competing in an event in Columbia, and I heard about this contest, and I said, ‘Do you mind if I enter my wife?’ She was visiting my daughter in Florida, and I called her up on the phone and said, ‘I entered you in this contest for Mrs. Senior Missouri.’ She said, ‘Oh my goodness.’ She wasn’t too happy about it.” But Bangert notes that she took home the big trophy, now prominently displayed in his basement workout room. “I won my event, and she won hers.”

    In 1998, Bangert ran unsuccessfully as a U.S. Taxpayers Party candidate for Warren County presiding commissioner, saying he hoped to become the oldest elected official to win a world championship in the World Veterans Games. And he has continued to churn out ideas. One involved creating a 200-acre island at the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers with a massive fountain that could shoot a stream of water more than 1,000 feet in the air, a monument to the bicentennial of the 1804 Lewis and Clark expedition. “People come from all over to see things animated,” he says. “People are always interested in fountains and things like that.” The idea got him a story in the Post-Dispatch, but that’s about it.

    Bangert has also written letters with his idea for a “Commemorative Olympics” he would like to see staged at Washington University in 2004 in celebration of the centennial of the 1904 Olympics held in St. Louis. The games, he says, would be senior games but open to anyone in the world who wanted to compete. He figures the medals could be created to look like the medals won in 1904. Besides, he hopes to compete in those games. He’ll be 80 years old.

    The idea that has really captured Bangert’s fancy is one he believes could rectify a 97-year-old slight to a Polish artist who came to America in 1904 to show his work at the World’s Fair.

    Bangert learned about the artist, Jan Styka, about 10 years ago, while still living in California. He and his wife were invited to give a concert on the life of Christ, based on African-American folk songs, at the Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, Calif. They performed in front of a massive painting, called “The Crucifixion,” that was 195 feet long and 45 feet high.

    According to a history of the painting compiled by Forest Lawn, the painting took seven years to complete. Styka received an invitation to display that painting, and others, at the 1904 World Exposition in St. Louis. But when he arrived in New York, he was told there was no facility at the fair that could house a painting as large as “The Crucifixion.” He left the painting at a warehouse in New York and traveled on to St. Louis, where, on the last night of the fair, all of his canvases were destroyed in a fire. When he returned to New York, he learned customs officials had seized his huge painting for nonpayment of duty. He never saw the painting again.

    Years later, Hubert Eaton, who founded the Forest Lawn Memorial Parks in Southern California, heard about the painting and began searching for it. In 1944, one of Eaton’s representatives found it in a Chicago warehouse, wrapped around a 60-foot telephone pole. He bought it, brought the painting to California and built a special building to house it.

    Bangert believes St. Louis citizens should get a chance to see the painting. “Nobody knows of this,” he says. “It’s sort of a hidden venture, and the only reason it was not shown was it was too big to be seen, so it lay in a warehouse.” His idea involves creating a smaller replica painting measuring about 20 feet long that could be displayed at Busch Stadium in a 10-inch-deep lightbox with a pedestal describing the painting’s history. The painting’s actual dimensions could be marked off with some kind of tape so people could see just how big the actual painting is. “It could be done very cheaply,” he says, “and it would draw people downtown and from all over the world.” Bangert has written and spoken to representatives of St. Louis 2004 about his idea, but, so far, it hasn’t gone far.

    “I got a price on having the original [reproduced], and it was less than $10,000. It’s a pittance, and I suggested it to 2004 committee. I said I’d arrange to get financing for it, from athletes and such interested in such a thing, if only they would get permission from Busch Stadium to put it there. They’re going to tear it down anyway a year or two after 2004 anyway, if their plans go ahead.” But he hasn’t gotten much response from officials with 2004. “They said they wished me luck on it, and so forth.”

    Peter Sortino, president of St. Louis 2004, is unfamiliar with the details of Bangert’s idea but says the proposal sounds “very interesting.” As planning for a 2004 celebration moves forward, Sortino says, it will be given some consideration. “There are going to be a lot of people involved in the celebration — it’s much bigger than me considering it,” he says. “There are going to be a lot of ideas, and they have to be vetted to a certain degree. This is one idea that could possibly be something.”

    Displaying a replica of a long-forgotten religious painting is likely Bangert’s last grand idea. And this is a man full of unusual ideas. When he dies, for instance, he wants to be cremated and to have his remains put into the objects that represent the track-and-field events he’s competed in — such as a shot put — and given as “a memento” to his daughters.

    But of all his ideas, Champ remains his favorite. Every time he drives into St. Louis, Bangert says, he makes a point of cruising by the village. All that is left of his home is a driveway leading to a precipitous drop-off at the edge of the quarry. Still, Bangert views Champ as his greatest accomplishment.

    “It will always be there,” Bangert says. “They may have wiped me out, but they can’t wipe away the history of it. It’s there. I started it, and I don’t care who reaped all the profits — they can’t deny that it’s there.”

    And Bangert says he has no bitterness over the way things turned out. “There was a time when I felt an injustice in not necessarily sharing in the wealth it created but in sort of the propriety of seeing it through,” he says. “But I found out a long time ago, as an athlete, you have to lose before you can become a real champion. You have to experience losses. That was one of them. And, at 77 years old today, I don’t have any regrets at all. God has been very good to me.”

  • See No Evil

    See No Evil

    In a quiet South St. Louis neighborhood near Lindenwood Park, Denise Wolff rounded a corner and headed toward her tidy two-bedroom home on Bancroft Avenue. She was behind the wheel of her brand-new, loaded Chrysler Cirrus LX — fresh off the dealer’s lot just days earlier.

    As a card dealer at the President Casino on the Admiral, Denise usually worked the overnight shift from 8 p.m.-4 a.m., and on this warm summer morning, July 17, 1997, she’d clocked out at 4:09 a.m. She’d been in an unusually good mood. She chatted with a co-worker who drove her to the lot where she had parked under the Poplar Street Bridge, plucked off her car a note written by a man she’d been having an affair with and, still a bit giddy over the relationship, told her friend she had a “pocketful of them.” Denise then drove off. She stopped briefly at the drive-through of a Hardee’s on Hampton Avenue to pick up a breakfast sandwich. It was still dark outside, and as Denise neared her home, only the mercury-vapor street lights cast a faint glow on her surroundings.

    The 39-year-old mother of two was terrified of the South Side Rapist — a notorious serial rapist who wasn’t caught until late 1998 — so much so that she had had a motion-activated floodlight installed near her driveway. When she came home before dawn or after dusk, she would almost always pull her car straight into the garage. This Thursday morning, Denise did not. Instead, she got out of her car, walked down the driveway and — perhaps toward someone or something — across the sidewalk in her frontyard. She made it past only a few squares of concrete before a sudden burst of gunfire brought her crashing to the ground. The bullets pierced the garage door, the trim, the frame of a front window. They ripped through Denise’s legs and torso.

    The noise roused slumbering neighbors up and down Bancroft and on nearby Wenzlick and Prather avenues, many of whom peered out their windows and called 911. They reported the sound of gunshots, and most of them also described seeing a gray or silver conversion van driving away from the scene with its headlights off, heading east on Bancroft, then north on Wenzlick.

    Denise lay crumpled on the sidewalk, her body riddled with bullet wounds. Her pink Bic lighter and a pack of Salems were scattered around her, along with her keyring and a brown paper bag containing her uneaten Hardee’s breakfast. Clutched in her fingers were the handwritten notes from her lover, a married man who also worked at the casino.

    The first person to reach her was a neighbor, an off-duty police officer who awoke at 4:37 a.m. to the sound of gunfire — two controlled shots, then a rapid succession of 10 to 15 more. He found Denise lying facedown on the sidewalk, bleeding from numerous wounds. There wasn’t much he could do.

    A police officer dispatched to the scene was told Denise’s husband lived about 100 yards away in a house at the corner of Bancroft and Jamieson avenues. He knocked at the door, and Larry Wolff, a city plumbing inspector who’d been legally separated from Denise for seven years, quickly answered, wearing a pair of boxer shorts. He told the officer he hadn’t heard a thing.

    Paramedics arrived within minutes, and as they struggled to stabilize Denise’s condition, her husband stood in front of the ambulance. The police officers noted that his gaze seemed focused away from his wife, bleeding on the ground. Denise was transported, alone, to Barnes-Jewish Hospital. A doctor pronounced her dead at 5:41 a.m. The bullets had lacerated her kidney, colon, spleen, bowel and bladder, fractured several bones and caused massive bleeding.

    It was a sudden and violent death for a woman who had led a rather unassuming life. Even in those early hours of the investigation, however, all of the signs suggested Denise was targeted for death, not the victim of some chance shooting. “This was a purposeful, vicious crime,” St. Louis Police Capt. Dave Heath would later say, addressing the television cameras. “We are not looking at this to be a random act under any circumstances.” Outside Denise’s home on Bancroft, police officers and crime-scene technicians strung up yellow crime-scene tape and placed a brown paper silhouette of her body on her sidewalk. This was a homicide investigation, and the questions on their minds were obvious: Who killed Denise Wolff? And why?


    By all accounts, Denise was a devoted mother to her two girls, who were born 13 years apart in separate marriages. Jennie, who lived with Denise, was 10; Angie Erickson was married, with a 3-year-old son, and her belly was bulging with another child. Denise’s second grandchild was due at the end of September, and she couldn’t wait.

    As a single mom who’d been legally separated from her husband for years, Denise had gone to dealer’s school because it seemed like a fun way to make a decent living without investing huge amounts of time or money in training and education. She’d made her family and friends play cards every night when she was enrolled in dealer school, shuffling and shuffling until she got it just right. She was a night owl, so the first chance she got, she asked for the overnight shift. It also gave her more time to spend with Jennie. Denise stood about 5 feet 4 inches tall and weighed about 140 pounds. Of Lebanese descent, she had dark eyes and hair that she dyed a shade of red. She spent her nights working at the President Casino, earning more than $40,000 a year dealing cards at blackjack tables and spinning the roulette wheel. She loved the lights, the sounds, the slot machines, the people, the excitement of it all. “It’s like going to a party every night,” she’d say. Denise had worked on the Admiral about three years after first breaking into the business at the Casino Queen.

    When Denise wasn’t working, she was almost always with her family, whether she was bass fishing or playing bingo with her mother in Washington County near Potosi or taking her grandmother, who lived a block away from Denise, out for a day of shopping and French onion soup at Famous-Barr. She liked to putter around her gray frame home, making sure it was “just so,” tending to the zinnias in her garden or her multicolored rosebush, splashing around with the kids in her backyard pool. On her days off, she’d have pajama parties with Jennie — an evening of popcorn and movies, just the two of them huddled in front of the VCR. If Johnnie Brock’s had a new shipment of Beanie Babies in, Denise could be found waiting in line, because Jennie loved them. Every Christmas, she showered her daughters with gifts, racking up charges on her credit card no matter how tight the family finances. It was her favorite time of the year. She’d have the tree up and decorated the day after Thanksgiving, without fail. She favored holiday sweaters, much to her older daughter’s chagrin, especially a green one with a snowy landscape scene. She could be incredibly soft-hearted, and her generosity extended beyond her family. One year Denise took in a young girl and her mother who’d ended up at a Salvation Army shelter, buying the child a heap of presents that she could scarcely afford. When one of her friends, also a single mom, was struggling at Christmastime, Denise handed her one of her credit cards and instructed her to shop. “Pay me back whenever you can,” she told her.

    Denise’s birthday was creeping up on her — her 40th would have been in August — and she was dreading it. At the same time, though, family members had begun noticing a surge of confidence and optimism in Denise that they hadn’t seen before, or at least in a long time. At Angie’s urging, Denise got a different haircut, a more up-to-date style. She was going to a tanning booth occasionally, getting manicures, talking about the men at work who flirted with her, such as a St. Louis Blues hockey player who repeatedly asked her out. Denise was flattered by the attention. She was also proud of the career she had carved out for herself, and she cherished the rewards of her hard work, trading her old Ford Escort for the white 1997 Chrysler Cirrus complete with the gold trim package. In the car, Denise listened to the same kind of music as her daughters and kept up with the latest tunes. In July, she and Jennie went out and bought a Third Eye Blind CD with the song “Semi-Charmed Life.” “She used to say that was her life,” Angie recalls. “She’d say, “This is the life I live, a semi-charmed kind of life.’”

    It certainly hadn’t been an easy one.


    Denise grew up in South St. Louis the eldest of four daughters. Even as a child, Denise could be outspoken, hot-tempered and strong-willed. At 16, she insisted on moving out, dropping out of high school and marrying her high-school sweetheart. Her mother, Sandy Cantrell, described that time as Denise’s “hippie stage.” She was pregnant two months later and gave birth to Angie at 17. But the marriage was rocky, and Sandy says her daughter moved back home when she was pregnant. Denise and her husband gave it a second try when their daughter was 3 months old, but it didn’t last. The marriage ended in divorce.

    Denise married a second time when Angie was a toddler. But that marriage was also short-lived. It lasted about a year-and-a-half until Denise met, and fell in love with, Larry Wolff, who was a friend of her second husband’s. They married in 1983 at a ceremony at City Hall. The wedding made the television news. “I didn’t even know she was getting married; I tried to talk her out of it,” Sandy recalls, describing Larry, back then, as a man with long hair who wore chains and boots with big heels. “Denny says to me, “Mom, you ain’t gonna believe this, but watch Channel 4. We got married on TV.’ City Hall had just decided they were going to do small ceremonies, and they wanted to do a little advertisement of what they were doing,” Sandy says. “They had a cake and everything. It was bizarre.”

    That marriage was often rocky. Both Larry and Denise could be stubborn and hot-tempered, Sandy says, and when they had a big argument, the two would race to get home first and move all the furniture out of their house or apartment. Things seemed to settle down somewhat after a few years, and their daughter, whom they named Jennifer Sue, was born in 1987.

    By 1990, the couple had moved into a double-wide trailer in Robertsville, Mo., near Pacific, where Larry’s parents owned 3 acres. Denise felt isolated and bored there with no money and no car. Cathy Hatton, one of Denise’s younger sisters, says Larry would often stay at Cathy’s house in St. Louis, because he was working for the city as a plumbing inspector and had to have a city address, but often, when Denise called to speak to him, Larry wasn’t home, Cathy says. “He stopped buying groceries and paying the bills down there, and he wasn’t coming home,” she says. Denise’s older daughter, Angie, from her first marriage, also did not get along with Larry. Family members disagree on precisely what the final straw was, but eight months after moving to Roberts-ville, Denise called Cathy and told her to rent the biggest U-Haul she could find and help her move out of the trailer while Larry was at work. Cathy did.

    Soon, Denise filed a petition for divorce from Larry. But Larry persuaded her to settle for a legal separation instead, and she agreed.

    Within a few years, Denise bought the home on Bancroft with the help of her grandmother. Larry bought a house a short distance down the street, on Jamieson. Some of Denise’s friends and family members questioned the wisdom of such a move, particularly if Denise ever decided to go through with a divorce, but she told them she figured it was best for their daughter. “When he moved down the street, I said, “You’re nuts. What happens when you’re done with this guy and you want a boyfriend?’” Cathy recalls. “She said, “This is perfect. This way, he can keep Jennie.’” The arrangement seemed to work, at least for a while. Over the years, Denise struggled to make ends meet, working as a waitress at the downtown Radisson Hotel and the Missouri Athletic Club, going to cosmetology school but then deciding hairdressing did not pay enough, cleaning houses and, ultimately, attending dealer school. With their homes so close, Jennie could sleep over at Larry’s when Denise was working nights at the casino. The two maintained an unusual relationship, relatives says. Though they were separated, Larry sometimes slept over at Denise’s and, up until about a year before she died, they occasionally had sex. From time to time, he’d help with the bills, and he regularly cooked meals for the three of them. On holidays, they were together.

    In the six or seven months before Denise’s death, however, things began to change. Denise told her older daughter and her sisters how she was yearning for independence. She told her mother she was tired of having “no life” and needed to find herself a husband she could get along with. She talked about divorcing Larry. And in the few months before she died, she talked about her new lover.


    If Larry knew of any of the changes going on in Denise’s life, he certainly didn’t let police know in the hours after his wife’s murder. Larry told police he didn’t have a clue. He knew of no problems Denise was having; he had no idea why anyone would want to hurt her.

    Angie, Denise’s older daughter, was at Larry’s house, in the same room with him, when police questioned him. A detective asked her to step outside for a brief interview. Who could have done this to your mother? the officer asked. Angie, visibly shaken and crying, motioned with her head back toward Larry, who was inside the house. Her mom had been trying to divorce Larry, she said. They’d been fighting a lot. She’d been dating a man she worked with on the Admiral.

    Other witnesses provided additional tantalizing details. Detectives spoke with Scott Baird, a financial planner with the Travelers Group, who had been working with Denise on obtaining a debt-consolidation loan. He had met with her one week before she was killed; she had told him she was in financial trouble. She was in debt, with a new car and a house payment, and she had cosigned for her husband on his $9,000 car loan, but he hadn’t made payments in more than a year. She also told him she was planning to finalize a divorce from her husband. The loan was approved on July 16, but the financial planner hadn’t been able to reach Denise to give her the news.

    Some family members offered a variety of possible theories that did not point to Larry.

    Denise’s sister Cathy told detectives that Larry fixed Denise meals almost every day, helped her with bills and, even though Denise treated him badly at times, he stuck around and loved her. She said Larry had never shown any signs of violence and that it was Denise who had the short temper. She told police she suspected Denise’s “big mouth” might have had something to do with her murder.

    Another sister, Sue Doetzel, told detectives that although Larry and Denise were separated, she felt they loved each other. They had keys to each others’ homes and, when they were getting along, Denise would ask Larry to help around the house and ask him for money. When Denise was mad at Larry, Sue said, she would tell him she wanted a divorce, and though she had been telling Larry that for several years, she hadn’t actually made an attempt to get one. There was never any violence between the two, as far as she knew. Sue knew of her sister’s affair, and she asked Denise what she would do if Larry found out. “She said she was separated,” Sue recalled, “and it was her house and she could do what she wanted.”

    Sandy, Denise’s mother, says she had her suspicions about Larry, but she wasn’t ready to tell detectives. Instead, she spoke about the casino: Could it have been a disgruntled customer who lost money there? Could it have been related to a complaint her daughter filed against the casino with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission? Sandy told detectives that Denise had been demoted from supervisor to dealer, which meant a cut in pay. Denise’s father, Roy “Buck” Cantrell, told detectives the same thing. “He believes the murder was somehow tied to the boat,” a detective wrote in his report.

    Kandi Maier, a friend of Denise’s and her co-worker at the President, told detectives that Denise had been seeing a male co-worker, John DeBoer, at the casino for about three months and that he was Denise’s first boyfriend since she and Larry separated seven years earlier. Kandi said she had tried to get Denise to date before but that her friend always refused, telling her that her husband “would kill her if she dated another man,” according to police reports. Denise had begun complaining to Kandi that Larry seemed to be watching her every move, so much so that she had begun parking at the rear of her home and entering through the back door to avoid detection. She told Kandi she thought Larry knew of the affair; during a recent phone conversation, he walked in and demanded to know to whom she was talking. When she told him it was none of his business, according to police reports, he replied: “It’s either Kandi or John.”

    Another co-worker and friend, Joyce Jeraldine, told police that Denise told her she and Larry argued all the time, though he did not physically abuse her. On one occasion, Jeraldine said, Denise described how Larry put a gun to her head, then pulled the trigger. She told her friend Larry was doing it “just to scare her. The gun was empty.” She said Denise told her that if Larry learned of her relationship with John, he would “blow her fucking head off.” Denise was falling in love with John, she told Jeraldine, and about two weeks before the murder she had given him an ultimatum: Leave his wife or end the relationship. She said he told her he needed time to decide what to do. And recently, Jeraldine added, Denise’s attitude toward Larry had changed. She was bolder. She told Jeraldine: “Fuck him — I don’t care about what he thinks.” She said she wished Larry would find a woman and get on with his life.

    Detectives questioned John DeBoer, Denise’s lover, at length, and he was told he was a suspect in the murder. A former New Jersey police officer who was married with children, DeBoer told police that he had been seeing Denise for about six to eight weeks. During that time, DeBoer said, Denise had spoken at length about Larry and their marriage, how they once had a lot of good times but had grown apart. She told him she wanted a divorce from Larry, that she hadn’t loved him in years. She told him Larry lived across the street, which is why she always wanted DeBoer to come in the back door and park his car on Wenzlick. She told him that at times Larry had a violent temper and that he had once pointed a gun at her head.

    The night Denise died, DeBoer said, he got off work at 1:30 a.m., left a note — the latest of three he’d written her that evening — on her car and went home. He said he woke his wife, spoke to her around 4 a.m. and didn’t leave home after that — which his wife later confirmed. He was asked to take a polygraph, which police later told him he failed. DeBoer was surprised. DeBoer, who says he was upset and scared when he took the test, said he was telling the truth, and he denied killing Denise.

    Days later, DeBoer spoke to police again. He said he remembered another conversation with Denise, about a month earlier, in which she told him Larry had found her new birth-control pills. He was angry, she had said, and accused her of having an affair. DeBoer said Denise told him that she fabricated an explanation, claiming her doctor prescribed them to regulate her period. For about a week afterward, DeBoer said, Larry drove Denise to and from work.

    Through the early days of the investigation, Denise’s family, for the most part, stood by Larry. Denise’s mother and sisters were reluctant to say anything that might implicate him. They wanted to give Larry the benefit of the doubt.

    Over time, that would change.


    For police detectives trying to solve a homicide, time is often the enemy. The more time passes, the less likely it becomes that a murder case will ever be solved. In the case of Denise Wolff, police had no murder weapon. They were unable to find the van seen driving away from the crime scene. If there were any eyewitnesses to the crime, none had come forward.

    But such a violent shooting was an uncommon occurrence in the neighborhood near Lindenwood Park, and it was an area where many police officers lived with their own families. Numerous detectives canvassed and re-canvassed the area, searching for witnesses and hoping for a break. Detectives Ralph Campbell and Timothy Kaelin were among them.

    It was Sunday, July 20, 1997, three days after the murder. As Campbell and Kaelin began a re-canvass of the neighborhood, two other detectives told them that they’d gotten information from a tipster who suggested that they talk to a woman who was known to walk her dog between 4 and 5 a.m. in the area of the murder.

    The two detectives went to the apartment building at 3934 Jamieson, and Campbell and Kaelin began knocking on doors. There was no answer at apartment 2-South, but they could hear dogs barking inside. As they were leaving the building, a woman walked out of that apartment. She identified herself as Laurie Lynn Chirco. She acknowledged that she had walked her dog the morning of the murder, around 4 a.m., but denied hearing any gunshots. She said she had no other information.

    The two detectives weren’t satisfied. They asked her to come downtown to the police station. Reluctantly, she agreed. Inside Interview Room No. 2 downtown, she told detectives that she woke up around 3:50 or 3:55 a.m. Her dog was standing at the front door, wanting to go outside. She put on some clothes, put a leash on her dog and walked out to the front of the apartment building. When she left, she noticed the time on the digital clock in her living room was 4:07 a.m. She estimated she was outside for 5 or 10 minutes, then came in, made a glass of tea, turned off her alarm clock — set to go off at 5 a.m. — and left her apartment at 7 a.m. to go to work. Her 13-year-old daughter, asleep in the apartment the entire night, told Chirco she heard the air conditioner making a popping sound during the early-morning hours. Chirco again insisted she never heard any gunshots or police sirens.

    The detectives didn’t believe her. In their reports, they wrote that she exhibited “non-verbal communication signs” indicating that she knew more. She told detectives she was worried about the safety of her daughter, that she didn’t want to get involved. They say they told her that her identity could remain anonymous, that she would be afforded protection if she was a witness. They showed her five photos, including pictures of Larry Wolff and John DeBoer. They said she scanned the photos and stared at Larry’s, shaking her head back and forth as a tear streamed from her eye.

    Then her story began to change, the detectives wrote in their reports. She told them she hadn’t been truthful and that on the morning of the murder, she had actually walked her dog south on Jamieson, on the east side, toward Bancroft, and when she was two buildings south of her own, she saw a man standing at the northeast corner of Bancroft and Jamieson. She thought he matched the description of the South Side Rapist, and the man — white male, stocky build, wearing a T-shirt and blue jeans — began walking east on Bancroft, in the direction of Denise Wolff’s house. Chirco said she then turned around and headed home, reaching her apartment around 4:20 a.m.

    She told the detectives she believed the man she saw was Larry Wolff.


    If Laurie Chirco’s statement seemed like a big break in the case, that break would turn out to be rather tenuous, and it wouldn’t last for long. Something happened between the two detectives and Chirco inside Interview Room No. 2 — though precisely what happened may forever remain in dispute. So instead of cooperating with police after that day at the station, she hired a lawyer and filed a complaint with the police department’s Internal Affairs division, alleging she’d been mistreated by the officers. She then went on KTVI-TV (Channel 2) — identified as “Mary,” with her face slightly out of focus — to describe the detectives’ behavior and to publicly disavow witnessing the murder. She said detectives told her she was “playing with the big boys now,” and that they’d given her name to the prime suspect. She said she had decided to go on TV in case something happened to her.

    At the time, Chirco was a 33-year-old nurse case manager for a hospice. She lived in an apartment with her daughter, and in January 1997 she had married Marcello Chirco, a Sicilian immigrant who worked as a meatcutter at Schnucks. They did not live together. Police noted that Marcello Chirco owned a gray GMC full-size van with a silver stripe and a red Ford Escort, in addition to a Chinese SKS rifle — similar to the gun used in the Denise Wolff shooting. Several witnesses reported seeing a gray van the morning of the murder, and a couple of others reported seeing a small red car. Marcello Chirco agreed to a search of his van, and he turned over his gun for tests, according to police reports. He was questioned by police — though it is unclear whether he was ever seriously considered as a suspect — and at least one witness viewed his van and said it was not the same one he saw driving away from Denise’s home the morning of her death.

    In depositions taken more than a year after the murder, Chirco said she told the officers who showed up at her apartment building that day in July that she had seen nothing. When they didn’t believe her, one stood in the doorway of the building and told her, she said, “We can do it the easy way or we can do it the hard way.” Though she said she voluntarily agreed to go to the station, once there she continued to tell them she had seen nothing and asked to leave “more than 30 times.” When she asked to go to the bathroom, Chirco said, one of them handcuffed her wrist to a table.

    About two hours after she arrived, the interview became more and more contentious, Chirco said. Campbell, she said, told her he was getting fed up with her and that “I was no better than the person who pulled the trigger. That this woman had suffered, and that I was a bitch.” She said he also remarked that he “wondered what my priest would think of me.”

    Campbell left the room and returned with pictures of a woman at the morgue. Chirco recalled: “He said, “Take a good look at that.’ He said her legs looked like Swiss cheese and the photographer didn’t do her justice….” Chirco described a variety of good cop/bad cop tactics used by the officers. Soon, she said, they brought in a series of photographs of men.

    “I looked at them,” Chirco said, “and said that the man, well, at first I didn’t say anything. Then Detective Campbell started slamming his fist on the table … saying that I nonverbally identified somebody in the photographs.” Eventually Chirco told them the man in the first photograph — Larry — “looked like someone” she saw on the corner that morning while she was out with her dog.

    She had asked to leave again, but the detective, Chirco said, told her that her husband was “in bed with another woman right at that time.” Throughout the interview, Chirco said, she was subjected to a barrage of verbal abuse. She said the detective, at one point, threatened to pick up her daughter and put her in foster care. She had mentioned a prior miscarriage, she said, and the detective told her she must have been having so much sex that she caused it herself. At one point, she was accused of “screwing” Wolff. Throughout the ordeal, she said, she was not allowed to leave or use the telephone. When she insisted that the most she saw was a man on the corner, they were not satisfied: “When I told them that was all I saw, and that is all I told them that I saw at the time, then as time went on, it got worse. The longer I was there, the worse it got.”

    Chirco also insinuated that something physical occurred in the interview room. She described how one detective insisted she take off her jewelry, her wedding band, her belt. She asked why. She asked for a female officer. She was told to take it off now, Chirco said:

    “Campbell says: “Look at how quick she can get that belt off. She is used to taking her belt off and taking her pants down.” He mocked the baby she miscarried, Chirco said, and told her “I didn’t deserve a child.”

    After Chirco agreed to give a taped statement, she was released. It was 11 hours after she had first been brought to the police station. She complained about her treatment to Mayor Clarence Harmon. She filed a complaint with Internal Affairs — though in February 1998, Chirco was notified by mail that her complaint had been ruled “not sustained.”

    In the days and weeks after being questioned by police, Chirco said, she was repeatedly contacted by various police officers, asking her to meet with them, asking for more information. One, she said, told her she was “hindering prosecution” — a felony punishable by 10 years and a $10,000 fine. Another stuck his card under her door, told her of a reward, apologized for what the other officers had done. One, she said, told her police could take away her child and turn the girl over to the state until she cooperated. Chirco refused.

    In September, Chirco said, she got a call from a sergeant. She told him she thought she had been followed in her car by someone she believed to be Larry Wolff. She said he told her police couldn’t offer her any help: “If you can’t help us, we can’t help you.” She hung up on him. And not long after the murder, she moved out of her apartment on Jamieson.


    As police pushed forward with their investigation, the family of Denise Wolff struggled to deal with their grief — without much success. And their feelings toward Larry began to change.

    Sandy didn’t want to point a finger at Larry in the early hours of the investigation. “For the first couple of days, we tried to act like, you know, somebody else did it, till we knew. You can’t jump to conclusions,” Sandy says. “But after a couple of days, we knew. Everything that come out of his mouth was a lie. First he said he was sleeping so sound he didn’t hear anything, when people three blocks away heard it. First he said his dogs didn’t bark, then he said the dogs did bark, and he went out to see the dogs. Then he told my niece, “I heard it, but I just lay there in bed.’ Then he told someone he was under a window air conditioner, but he has central air — the air conditioner is on his sun porch. He wasn’t sleeping out there; he was in his bedroom.”

    She began replaying scenes in her mind, the way Larry acted strangely at a fish fry Larry and Denise attended at Sandy’s house the week before Denise’s death, and how he told her he wished Denise would drop this “talk about a divorce.” She began thinking about the way Larry could be possessive — how he raised two dogs from pups and, Sandy says, chose to kill them rather than give them away when he and Denise were moving from one rental property to another. “Someone said, “Why don’t you give those dogs away?’” Sandy says. “And he said, “They’re my dogs, and no one is going to have them but me.’ He took them out and beat them with a crowbar and a hammer,” she says.

  • Anatomy of Desire

    Anatomy of Desire

    She’s not unlike anyone working in the cubicle next to yours. She may be a data-entry person (which she is). Attractive, middle-aged, divorced (which she is as well) — you can imagine the details of her appearance any way you like: blonde, brunette, redhead. Shapely, plump, stout, thin — she won’t be described with specific details, because the risks to the life she has imaginatively, and determinedly, created are too great. Her family doesn’t know; her son doesn’t know. If her identity were revealed in these pages, she’d lose everything — that life she has constructed is delicately secured. So imagine her as you will — her business is fantasy, after all — but don’t make of her someone extreme, the mental picture that comes with the word “dominatrix.” She’s not who you would expect (“I’m not Elvira,” she says), just as the corporate CEO, the lawyer, the former NFL star sporting the Super Bowl ring — some of her clientele — are not the people you would expect to be into bondage, cross-dressing. You would not expect them to be the sort who would ask — no, beg — to be whipped, to be verbally humiliated, to be spanked, and then head home to their wives and children, feeling restored.

    Think of her, at least superficially, as a typical Midwesterner. She was born and educated in the city, raised in a large Catholic family, but don’t make any assumptions about abusive priests or sadistic nuns, or some perverse childhood interpretation of the wine and the chalice, the robes and the incense. She wasn’t that kind of Catholic girl. “Why do people want different things?” she asks, rhetorically. “Some can say, ‘Back in childhood such-and-such happened.’ There is nothing in childhood I could look at and say, ‘This is why I enjoy being in control so much.’”

    Adolescence, as with most people, was a time of exploration. The adolescent quest for meaning or significance shows itself outwardly in clothes, fads. A profile of youth culture in St. Louis in the late ’70s would include the fading-out of disco, the first punkers and hip kids catching the new wave. The more intimate discoveries aren’t so easily stereotyped.

    Her boyfriend was open to exploring different fetishes, she says: “We played with areas of bondage, sensuality, role-playing.” But, as with most people, those teenage years of adventure and daring became a memory. She grew into adulthood and did what adults do: married in her early 20s, gave birth to a son, lived a family life. “The marriage was completely vanilla,” she says, and adds, “and vanilla is good, too. Everything was fine; the marriage went its course. My desire for fetish didn’t have anything to do with my divorce.”

    With the dissolution of her marriage, once the pain subsided, she realized new possibilities, a world beyond the boundaries marriage had imposed. She remembered happier days, more free-spirited days, and those teenage forays into kink: “When I was married, and that wasn’t available, I didn’t actually miss it, but once marriage was over … ”

    Once marriage was over, about five years ago, she checked out the Internet. The desire for control — or, more crucially, the pleasure of control, which she had experienced since childhood — she found on the kinkier filaments of the Web.

    If people with fantasies for handcuffs and butt plugs, for wooden canes and leather paddles, for playing the role of slave or master — if they found themselves isolated and assumed themselves alone, abnormal, deviant in the seemingly kinkless Midwest, the Internet revolution was their invitation to reach out and flog someone, and right here in River City.

    She began discovering information, the kind of information she didn’t know existed. She uncovered a local chapter of a national organization, People Exchanging Power (PEP), a group that meets monthly at a hotel near I-270 for informal discussions. Coaxing herself to attend her first meeting was difficult, she says: “I didn’t have any idea what to expect. When I got there, I realized they were very friendly people, welcoming me.”

    There were about a dozen participants, mostly men. “Women tend to come with other men,” she says, “or they don’t come at all.” One couple led the group discussions. It could have been any civic organization gathering to share ideas about pertinent issues, drinking sodas, munching on vegetables and dip, wearing name tags — “Hi, my name is ….” For her, the surface banality of it all provided a jolt of recognition: “I wasn’t as abnormal as I thought I was.”

    She was understandably shy at her first PEP meeting (or ” PEP rally,” she jokes, “black-and-blue pompons”): “The first time, I just sat and didn’t talk about anything.” Books were discussed, some how-to info was provided — imagine a Tupperware party, except the fetish material of choice is leather rather than plastic.

    “As I got to know some of those people better, I was introduced to more private groups,” she recalls. People who met at PEP splintered into groups “to have more play, to have something more than a book club.” You can’t develop dexterity with a whip by reading a manual, she says. And then these groups became couples. “That’s where community starts,” she observes, “a community of like minds.”

    “Community” is a word that’s often used, but rarely with precision. She believes there is a BDSM (bondage/domination/ sadism/masochism) community in St. Louis: “We don’t have enough people into BDSM for a Yellow Pages. We don’t have restaurants. We don’t have our own bars. A jazz lover can go to a jazz club. I don’t see Fetish Night at the Galaxy as being an accurate view of the average BDSM participant.

    “Yet without those things, there are social groups, educating groups, play groups — people who have gotten to know each other, who have scenes with each other.” Perhaps the strongest bond they share is that, when they’re together, “we don’t have to live with this giant secret.”

    A noticeable change comes over people who have found something wholly their own, when a self that’s been locked away is released. You see it in people who have experienced religious conversion or spiritual illumination, people whose sexual identity has heretofore been closeted — you see in such people a new self, a self liberated through its own recognition. You see them newly confident, radiantly so.

    She realized that her desire for control could not only be fulfilled but that she had an instinct for domination. She was good at it — submissives she played with told her so. She felt she was good at it. “I can throw a single-tail whip with the best of them,” she brags, “but I can get the same effect by whispering in their ear at just the right time.”

    She began to explore the possibility of becoming a professional dominatrix, or “prodom” for short. A prodom who was involved in the local BDSM scene even before there was a scene “took me under her wing. We talked a lot. She recommended books, and she started including me in a few of her sessions, first letting me watch and then letting me participate.” She took on a moniker of her own — let’s call her Mistress Kali, because many prodoms take the name of “Mistress” or “Goddess” connected to a powerful female name, sometimes with a reference to myth. Mistress Kali’s tutor we’ll call Lady M.

    Lady M, Kali says, is recognized as a pioneer of the local scene: “She takes people into her life like members of a family. She makes friends and keeps them for years. She’s one of the most generous people I’ve ever met.

    “She’s one of the first women allowed in the gay men’s leather scene. She was the first one.” Mistress Kali says there has been a history of segregation between different outsider groups, between gays and straights, women and men. “Lady M allowed for different groups to cross.”

    Lady M also devoted herself, her knowledge and her body, to Mistress Kali for the novice’s tutelage. “Because Lady M’s been on both sides,” both submissive and dominant, Kali says, “she was able to tell me what the experience is like from both sides. I was able to practice on her. What I learned about myself was that I can push my own boundaries. The first time I ever threw a flogger on somebody’s shoulder, I thought I couldn’t possibly do this, but he responded with such happiness and such eagerness. The more I did it, the more he liked it.”

    Mistress Kali began to take on clients of her own, which meant gradually acquiring pieces of equipment and, just as important, costumes. “I love putting on a corset,” she says, “thigh-high boots. It’s different from my normal life. I love the feel of leather. It’s a powerful feeling.” She loves shoes with 6-inch heels, loves shoes in general. “I’ve been into shoes since puberty,” she confesses, and she has at least 75 pairs tucked away in closets — not quite Imelda status but still a significant personal inventory.

    The timing of her entry into the profession proved fortuitous. She quickly tired of hauling her various apparatus and costumes to motel rooms. Then Lady M chose to go into semiretirement and sold Mistress Kali her “dungeon” for a flat fee. “My dungeon is a renovated loft downtown — very quiet, very clean, very subtle. No one’s in there except my clients and me.”

    The décor of a dungeon is as individual as the people who use it. Kali figures there are about five prodoms with dungeons working regularly in St. Louis. She knows of at least 10 private dungeons: “For some people, it’s just putting hooks on the wall; for some, it’s getting a spanking bench. Some people have full setups in their basements.”

    What goes on in those spaces is as full of variety as the human imagination can contain. The St. Louis scene motto, one promoted by the BDSM group Leather and Lace, one that appears in Different Loving: The World of Sexual Dominance and Submission (a kind of primer for the novice), sets the requirements of “safe, sane, consensual.”

    “If you don’t have all three things, you shouldn’t be playing,” says Mistress Kali. “All scenes are negotiated beforehand. Limits and guidelines are discussed. ‘Safe’ words are established — words a submissive can use to stop a scene at any time.” For example, a word such as “stop” or “don’t” might actually serve to intensify a scene, so words outside the context of torture are employed.

    “As you explore this loving exchange,” she notes, “you start to learn their needs, their reactions, to the point you don’t even need a safe word anymore.”

    A phrase often voiced in the BDSM community is “It’s about pleasure, not pain,” but Mistress Kali finds this to be more jargon than real observation. “For some people, pain is pleasure. Everyone has a different fantasy, and motivations are all different. I’ve seen people who are true masochists, who can take an extraordinary amount of pain — and moan with pain — but they may not understand verbal humiliation at all. A person who wants to worship a woman’s feet cannot understand why anyone else would want to be tied up.

    “BDSM is not always about sex,” she adds. “It’s about fetish. It’s about fulfillment. It’s about pleasure.”

    And it’s about transformation and release, Kali says: “I see that in my work. I see that in people who walk in — lawyers in three-piece suits who have been in high-pressure, high-powered jobs, all they want is an hour of escape. They don’t want to make a decision for the next hour — that is relaxation, that is a vacation. I see people who want to be cross-dressed, who feel like a different person, who feel comfortable and natural, who have women’s names, who have fantasized about that — and that’s where they’re comfortable.

    “For most people, it’s a way of expressing themselves. It’s a huge relief. Most of my male clients who are happily married men, they just have to have a void filled in life. They feel they can’t go to their wife, or they’ve brought it up in subtle ways and been rejected.” Or they don’t want these interactions with their spouse, don’t want this to be part of their everyday intimacies.

    A reciprocal relationship exists between dominant and submissive. She wants control; he wants no responsibilities. She wants to rule; he wants to surrender. There are submissives who so desire to escape the pressures of adulthood that their dominants diaper them like infants.

    Mistress Kali doesn’t involve herself in infantilism, but she participates in the stripping away of a personality, then aids in reconstructing that veneer before the client heads out the door: “It’s funny, because it’s tiring but exhilarating, too. I put out a lot of emotional energy, as does my client, or anyone. It’s a lot of intense communicating between two people.”

    When the session is over, she says, there “should be a cooling-down session, just reconnecting.” After an especially profound scene, where role-playing has “taken them completely away from who they are, I slowly bring them back to, say, Eddie Silva, writer, making contact physically, and send them out the door.”

    She talks about these forms of intimacy with great candor, sitting in a St. Louis Bread Co. as others come and go from their tables, talking about other things. There’s the impression she’s testing how explicit she can be — the interview process its own exploration of boundaries between two people. She offers an invitation to explore her dungeon at a later date. Then, after talking about everyday matters, the various positives and negatives of a writer’s vocation, she asks, “Do you ever wish someone would just tell you what to do so you didn’t have to make so many choices?

    “That’s what all of my clients want.”

    The people directing the downtown-loft-restoration boom don’t have this sort of space in mind.

    In a building in the heart of the city, up the elevator and down an empty corridor, Kali unlocks the door to her dungeon. She’s been in ahead of time, arranging the setting for full effect, lighting white candles on two black-iron candelabra. Just as she has described it, the wide room is subtle, clean and spare, yet at the same time warm. The lighting is soft, full of shadows. The most remarkable object in the room is a wooden throne, covered with symmetrically patterned spikes. The sharp points are actually pencil stubs, she reveals, pulling one out of its hole — 1,200 pencils altogether. The throne is custom-built — as is most of her equipment — the design “based on a torture chair I found in a medieval book. It’s functional, but I don’t use it. It’s a piece of art.”

    The walls are exposed brick; ventilation pipes are visible on the ceiling. The floor is carpeted in a thick brown weave. The stereo is tuned to Classic 99.

    There’s an antique wooden altar, engraved with the words “In Remembrance of Me.” There are a couple of framed prints: one with a white-faced, masked figure, the word “Reality” written beneath the image; the other, a print labeled “Bizarre No. 10,” features a woman with orange-red hair, gagged, a look of fear or anticipation — or both — on her face.

    Across one wall is a row of long, thin mirrors, and shards of mirror. A firm leather chair with a slender back sits alone in the room. The St. Andrew’s cross hasn’t been set up yet. Hanging from the ceiling is an ominous metal hook to a 1-ton hoist.

    Mistress Kali sits on the bondage table, a solidly constructed piece of custom-built furniture, specially designed to hold an array of binding equipment — handcuffs, ropes.

    Wooden stocks, strangely appealing in a purely aesthetic sense, stolidly take up one part of the room. There’s a spanking bench. Tools of the trade hang from a wall — paddles, whips, canes, clothespins, clamps, a German gas mask, something that looks like salad tongs.

    In one corner of the dungeon is a dog cage, with a cushion on top where a person can sit.

    “Bad dogs go in there,” she notes.

    “This reflects me,” she says of her private workspace/playpen. “I’m comfortable in this room. I don’t want fake stones painted on the walls. It’s just what I’m comfortable with.” Regarding the warmth of the space, she says, “It’s been my experience that there are a lot of prodoms who feel they need to be mean and cold to be effective. I don’t believe that. Maybe that is reflected in the environment.”

    Sitting beside her on the bondage table is a white box, opened to reveal five metal objects, each tapered to a sharp point. These are talons that fit onto the fingers and thumb, made of hammered nickel.

    “One of the things I like is the tactile sense,” she says, slipping the talons on her fingers. “Imagine being blindfolded and feeling this on your bare back,” the warmth of the flesh of her hand and then the cold, threatening metal. “I have a lot of toys, very tactile things.” She says she first saw talons in use at a private play party. She got the phone number of the novelty store in New York where they came from and called immediately: “Send me some of those. I must have them!” She laughs at her mock exuberance.

    A criticism of BDSM culture — other than the standard judgment that its participants are just sick — is that these are pathetic people, so desensitized that they need to go to extremes to experience any sensation. Yet as Mistress Kali describes the “tactile sense” she explores, there’s the impression of a sensualist attuned to the illogical pleasures of the body. She handles a paddle — leather on one side, fur on the other — and describes how she’ll spank a bare bottom until it’s pink and highly sensate, then rub the fur across it.

    “Clothespins are one of the basics of SM,” she says, “on genitals or nipples or anywhere on the skin.” Lock a clothespin on flesh, leave it for some time and then remove it — the blood rushes back, she says, “and it really hurts.”

    She talks about the cross-dressers, whom she adores: “For the most part they haven’t shared this with anyone, their desire to do this. I find two main reasons that men want to dress as women: It feels good to wear silk panties; also, humiliation — to be treated as a bad girl, as a slut.

    “The cross-dresser who wants to feel the silk panties, and spend time and money on his wardrobe, buying his own wig and falsies …. I enjoy the first time a man has mascara put on him, heavy on the eyelids; put lipstick on and it’s slippery on the lips. That’s sensation.

    “It’s the opposite of being desensitized, from where you don’t feel anything to becoming ultrasensitive. It’s like becoming more alive.

    If there were a BDSM lobby, she’d be an influential advocate: “I think I’m doing a service for my clients. I did a lot of introspection before I started doing this professionally. If I was somehow preying on another person’s weakness, I couldn’t sleep at night. I still ask this question (of myself) occasionally, and if I found I was taking advantage of someone, I’d stop doing it.”

    Although the idea of giving the boot to some CEOs and lawyers might be inviting to a lot of people who would otherwise never consider themselves to be into BDSM, Mistress Kali says class distinctions aren’t part of her work: “I have a variety of clients, from blue-collar to corporate. They all get treated the same. They all get my same sneer and haughty attitude. ‘On the floor, you slave!’” she bellows good-naturedly.

    She won’t play the role of a Nazi, though, and with one client, the issue of race became problematic: “I played with a young black man one time, a submissive I met with other people. I had a hard time whipping him. He desperately wanted it, and I couldn’t do it.”

    She has a list of don’ts: no blood, no feces or urine, no permanent scarring, no kissing, no sex. She gives prospective clients a questionnaire on which they indicate their level of interest, zero through five (zero means no interest, five means intense interest), in various activities: affectionate discipline, cock-and-ball torture, face-slapping, humiliation, pony training, smothering, spreader bars, and so on. She’s learned to avoid “someone who’s looking for sex, or someone who has an interest in everything — everything from binding to genital torture to affectionate discipline. Nobody wants it all.”

    She charges $250 an hour. “Clients vary,” she says, “about a half-dozen regulars who come for at least one session every six weeks.” She may see no one for a week, then on another week schedule four sessions. She no longer advertises in the RFT “because there are too many fruitcakes.” There’s an exclusive journal for serious devotees, the Domination Directory International, in which she places the occasional ad.

    The legality of her practice, she says “is debatable.” Prostitution is defined in Missouri as one person providing sexual gratification, with body or an object, to another person for money. “I don’t have sex here. I tell them no sex, no kissing, no hand jobs.” Yet, she admits, “If somebody called the vice squad — I don’t want to think about it. I’d just have to be arrested, have the place dismantled. The worst thing is, my son would find out about this.”

    What occurs during a session varies, depending on the relationship between dominant and submissive. Kali isn’t interested in ritual; she prefers surprise, improvisation, all with a tinge of menace. She prepares herself with a few leg stretches, music. Then, she says, “I’ll get into full costume — the makeup, the clothes — that transforms me mentally into really being ready. I start inventing a scene I want to create, especially if it’s a repeat client and I know him.” With a new client, it’s more a matter of spontaneity, she says. “I like the sense of improvisation, the sense of the unknown.”

    Her clients are men, although in personal play she enjoys women, too: “They’re very responsive.” It’s Kali’s theory that fewer women pay for play because “a man can’t go up to a woman and say, ‘I want to be spanked.’ Women don’t have to pay for kink — it’s too readily available.”

    If Kali’s meeting with a new client, she says, “I have his questionnaire all ready. I don’t like people coming off the street. I want someone to think about it for several days. When they come in, I have them remove all their clothes and put them on a chair in the corner. I meet them in full fetish attire,” so the client is immediately alerted to the fact that he is moving into a very separate theater from the one he performs in daily.

    “I sit with him at my feet, and I put a collar on him. I tell him the rules of the dungeon — no sex. Another rule is my safe word, and they can use it at any time to stop a scene. They have the power to stop it.

    “I go over the questionnaire. I might have specific questions about what is on it and what’s not on it.

    “When here, they refer to me as ‘Mistress.’ They are to speak loudly and clearly. By this time I’ve probably taken them by the collar and paraded them in a big circle, just to help get them in the mindset of being on the floor, naked at my feet. I might have them stomp around on all fours.”

    She’s sure to probe into any medical conditions ahead of time: Are the client’s knees strong? How’s the lower back? The heart? What medications does he take? If there were ever an emergency, she says, “I’d drag them out in the alley and then call 911.”

    Depending on a client’s physical capacities, Kali says, “I may get on their back and have them take me for a horsy ride. I may pull the hair on the back of their head. I slowly dehumanize them. With a new client I would start out very slowly. I might play with some of these things” — she gestures toward an antique travel chest with drawers containing dildos, vibrators, plastic wrap “and other playful items.” She might choose to wear leather gloves. She might force the client to “keep knees and ankles apart, which makes them very vulnerable.

    “Most guys are very visual,” she continues. “Their eyes will follow me around. I’ll take a blindfold: ‘It’s very rude to stare. I’ll put this blindfold on you.’

    “It’s such an individual thing — putting on wrist cuffs and ankle cuffs. I can help someone get into that very submissive state. I don’t do much rope bondage. I enjoy it because it’s very beautiful, but (the clients) are time-sensitive. I have to respect that there’s only so much time they can stay.” Sometimes she’ll recognize there’s only 15 minutes to go, and if the client doesn’t have to be anyplace soon, she’ll tell them, “I’m not finished with you yet.” Then they’re off the clock and on Kali’s time.

    She explains the various implements on her wall display, which features a variety of riding crops and her two favorite whips. Whipping isn’t an activity you can learn in a continuing-ed course. She started “with a man from Chicago who was submissive to me. He gave me my first whip and taught me how to use it. It’s really just a matter of practice.

    “I can draw it across your skin like a butterfly kiss.”

    There’s a leather horse’s bridle for “part of the dehumanization.” She finds these things on travels to larger cities at weekend events, buying from specialty vendors. She shows off a new mink glove with metallic claws hidden in the fur.

    The safety shears are for emergencies. To “cut through anything, to be able to get undone very quickly,” is important. She picks up a metallic object called a Japanese clover clamp, which attaches to the flesh — the nipples, say — and, when pulled, tightens and clasps more firmly.

    There’s a plastic spatula for “scraping off wax.” The salad tongs, or what look like salad tongs, are for “testicle torture.”

    In a basket are spools of veterinary wrap, used to restrain limbs. Kali says it won’t pull hair yet it clings to the skin: “It’s really great. It’s good stuff.”

    The room next door is spare — she uses it for changing — but she’s considering setting up a medical table in there: “I get calls for that. It’s a big fantasy, I want to tell you.” In such scenes, Kali would literally play doctor to the bound, frightened, aroused patient.

    The allure of the exotic paraphernalia can distract from understanding of their purpose, Kali cautions. “There’s so much more to picking up a paddle and spanking someone’s bottom with it,” she says. “I think if people don’t know that, then they don’t understand the communication that goes on between a submissive and a dominant.

    “It’s filling an emotional void. It’s all about emotion to me. Giving up control and allowing yourself to be vulnerable is a very difficult thing to do. To be able to just surrender to another person is refreshing — that’s not a good word — restorative.”

    Her life wouldn’t be very different, she imagines, if she didn’t have to keep her fetish behind closed doors: “I don’t think I would be a different person. I would still be very private, because that’s just who I am. I would have the same friends.” She doesn’t necessarily long for the openness she might enjoy in New York City or the Bay Area.

    She wishes, sometimes, that she could call her sister and tell her how psyched she felt after three days in New York attending whip seminars, or about that former NFL player, who arrived in “6-inch stripper shoes” and a bad wig and then threw a fit because he forgot to put his pocketbook in his purse.

    She’d like to brag about her skills as a businesswoman and about how clients who have tried other prodoms have come back to her, “but I can’t take that chance. So I let my family imagine that I’m an extremely dull person.”

    But she isn’t alone. There are local organizations such as PEP, Leather and Lace, FLOG. The novelty shop Barbdwyr supplies implements and custom-made apparel — and a discreet backdoor through which to enter and exit. A weekend event, Beat Me in St. Louis, is held each spring, filling a local hotel with some 400 participants from Kansas City, Omaha, Chicago and Detroit, as well as country folks from the rural Midwest. For the holidays, Spanksgiving’s coming up.

    Even in conservative St. Louis, people find ways to overcome the stigmas and perceptions: that they are sick, pathetic, the perverse offspring of abusive parents.

    Before she became Mistress Kali, there were years of married life, raising a child, full immersion in the American mainstream.

    But the fantasies of control, the teenage experimentation — those returned to her consciousness like an invitation to a new life.

    “Desire,” she discovered, “doesn’t go away.”

  • Plight of the Gypsies

    Plight of the Gypsies

    They excite the hatred of the bourgeois even though inoffensive as sheep…. that hatred is linked to something deep and complex; it is found in all orderly people. It is the hatred that they feel for the bedouin, the heretic, the philosopher, the solitary, the poet, and there is fear in that hatred.

    — Gustave Flaubert in a letter to George Sand, written after a visit to a camp of gypsies at Rouen, France


    Stand, very quiet, on the corner of Meramec and Gustine, and listen. You’re deep in scrubby-Dutch country, where people live on one street their whole lives and order trumps pleasure every time. But if the wind blows right, you’ll hear the wild, sad strains of the Roma violin, the shimmer of the tambourine-drum.

    It’s about the only way you’d know they are here.

    We don’t recognize the Roma — some have dark, finely drawn Indian faces, whereas others are “white gypsies,” pale as a northern European. They don’t have Roma surnames; they have names straight from the tortuous Balkan history that drove them here. They’re not quick to announce themselves, either; if they meet someone American-born, they just say they are Bosnian. But they speak Romani — and often five or six other languages — and they are indeed “gypsies,” the old derogatory term many still use themselves as a shortcut for the gadje who know no better.

    Gadje is Romani for the rest of us, anyone who is not Roma. The word itself is pretty neutral, taken from the Sanskrit word for “civilian.” But for these immigrants, it’s a bruised and wary reference to the other immigrants from Bosnia-Herzegovina, the ones they say despise them.

    To the Roma, religion, race and ethnicity matter about as much as whether a man takes cream in his coffee. They scorn dogma, ignore bloodlines, protect no homeland. And in the past decade’s fierce Balkan wars, they paid a price for this neutrality. Some were drafted at gunpoint, some tortured or killed as traitors; some camped amid sewage in Macedonia, ignored by refugee agencies, and at least 100 drowned in the dark waters off the coast of Montenegro, trying to reach Italy. Those who stayed put fared worse. In Kosovo, they were first forced to dig graves for ethnic Albanians murdered by the Serbs, then branded collaborators by the Kosovo Liberation Army, then asked by United Nations officials to dig graves for the Serbs because there was no one else left who would.

    For the gadje refugees, war was hell, too. Familiar lives shattered, they streamed into western Europe, then St. Louis and other American resettlement centers. But for the Roma, Eastern Europe has ceased to be hospitable, and most of Western Europe is refusing them entry, suspecting motives more economic than political. Until a recent panic, the United Kingdom was the gentle exception, allowing Roma to enter and then shooing them from town to town or building “accommodation units” in old industrial parks. But now even England is lifting the drawbridge.

    So they are here, a tiny, rocky, hidden cove in the sea of 22,000 immigrants from Bosnia-Herzegovina. Roma rent flats next door to their countrymen, drink the same strong sweet boiled coffee, listen to music at the Sarajevo restaurant on Chippewa every Saturday night.

    But here, like everywhere else they have been, they know exactly what the gadje think of them.

    “In Bosnia, gypsies are people who didn’t have a house, who live in tents and don’t work,” offers Senada Delic, who was born in the southern part of Bosnia-Herzegovina. “A lot don’t know writing, don’t know reading. They go to every house and say, ‘Give me money, give me bread,’ and people do, because God sees.” In her work for a long-distance-telephone company, Delic has noticed a lot of Romani voices lately; she says “they speak Bosnian but not true,” and her tone is disapproving. “Gypsies like to sit down; they like a lot of music. They are very happy people; they care about nothing.”

    Amir Hotic, president of BIH Travel here in St. Louis, remembers watching the gypsies dress up grizzly bears to dance while people threw money from the balconies of Zavidovici. “That is how they lived,” he says. “We were always afraid of the gypsies. After the Sunday matinee, the gypsy kids always fought with us. And if you were bad, your mother would say, ‘I’m going to give you to an old gypsy woman, and she will take you to Italy.’”

    Ron Klutho has heard these stories, too. A lanky, gentle English as a Second Language teacher who coordinates refugee services at St. Pius V Church on South Grand Boulevard, he learned that hundreds of Roma were living nearby and wanted to help them. “Bosnians would tell me, ‘Don’t waste your time — they don’t want to work, they’re not educated, they’re lazy,’” he recalls. “They would lick a finger and put it in the air and say, ‘The gypsies are like this. Whatever it would behoove them to be today.’”

    When Klutho started meeting Roma families, he felt as if somebody had poured the pieces of two jigsaw puzzles into a single box. Some pieces fit what he’d heard — the apartments on Spring Avenue and Delor Street where he saw children playing outside on school days; the adults who came to St. Pius pleading for money they didn’t need and jobs they wouldn’t keep. “I got one couple jobs at a cafeteria, and the guy said they worked really well — and four days later they quit and moved to Florida,” he sighs. “They’ll be back; before, they moved to Kentucky for a while, and then to Minnesota, and just here in St. Louis they moved from to Ohio to Halliday to Roger to Spring to Ellenwood. I’ve run out of spaces in my address book!”

    Klutho tried not to generalize, but those were the pieces that fell into place fast, making a recognizable “gypsy” border. Then he met more families — like the father who came here to get education and a good safe life for his kids, and Avdija Huskic, who’s working full-time at a church and just bought a four-family flat. Those pieces made a completely different picture.

    Hafidza Osmic grinds the day’s home-roasted coffee with resigned patience, the brass-topped cylinder of the grinder resting in her lap as she slowly spins the crank. Her two grown daughters do most of the talking, showing none of the legendary gypsy secrecy … except that Osmic is not their real name. “I am not afraid,” insists the younger daughter — call her Mirela. “But here there are more Bosnian people, and maybe in the night somebody might….” She pulls her 18-month-old up onto her lap and smooths the little girl’s hair unnecessarily, a mother’s fidget.

    “Our grandpa, he’d been everywhere in the world,” inserts Mirela’s older sister, Sanela. “He told us if you put one gadjo on the table and another under the table, whatever the guy on the table thinks, the one under the table will say. So,” she concludes firmly, “you cannot trust gadje.”

    Hafidza nods once, and her silence carries the full dignity of a matriarch. But it’s a role she never envisioned playing from a cheap apartment off South Kingshighway, walls decorated with Japanese fans from Family Dollar. As a girl, she met her husband the traditional way, during the evening korzo, when Europeans stroll their public squares. The couple raised their children in Sanski Most, a small town filled with flower boxes and surrounded by the mountains of the former Yugoslavia. Then, eight years ago, her husband died, and war tore the town into bloody shreds, and Hafidza had to leave with her daughters and two grandchildren. She does not like the way they must live now, “three women alone, always nervous, worried about paying the bills.”

    “Papa took care of everything,” explains Mirela. “We never had to work.” She sometimes comforts herself by imagining how appalled he’d be to see them in these straits. “We would have everything if he was alive. He spoke seven languages; he had friends who were doctors and policemen. He knew a lot about the world.”

    When Mirela talks about her own absent husband, that ease vanishes. Facts drop scant as bread crumbs: He is dark-skinned. He is a Rom. He was born in Serbia, to parents from Albania and Macedonia. He is now in “Italia” with her brother. Finally Hafidza wrinkles her nose and pronounces the husband “not good” — not good, at least, for her daughter, whose oval face is lovely enough to carve into a cameo.

    Sanela, 39, with a teenage son, is more Picasso than Modigliani — strong features, hooked nose and flashing eyes. “In 1982 I make finish with my husband,” she says crisply, clapping her hands twice to indicate finality. “The man I loved, my family did not approve.” The sisters talk in turn about growing up in Sanski Most, which they miss desperately. “We lived a normal life,” insists Mirela, “working, not stealing. My father was a tailor; he made clothes and we sold them at the market. We lived well — except that the gadje treated us like animals. Still, we went to school. I always thought if I got to school, maybe one day I’d be something.”

    Like a changeling who has learned she has royal blood, Mirela is quick to emphasize who her family really is, carefully distancing them from the world’s assumptions. “There are two kinds of gypsies,” she says. “Cergary, they like to change cities all the time. Some have a good life, some bad, but they live outside. They go from place to place because they are begging and they wear out their welcome.” At this, Hafidza sets down the grinder, wraps a towel around her hand and slowly brings her arm up, twisting it to show how cergary pretend to be disabled. Later, when a neighbor drops in, Hafidza greets her and chats — and, the minute she leaves, whispers distastefully, ‘Cergar.’”

    Mirela brings a tray of bubbling coffee and pours it into small handleless cups, gracious as a British peer’s daughter. While she’s spooning sugar, Sanela produces the family photo album, pointing first to a black-and-white shot that looks like a still from an Ingrid Bergman movie. It’s their parents, about 40 years ago, on holiday in Italy. Pages flip; the photos take on color; you see weddings and holidays and finally, a little house in the hills. Tension fills the room. “Muslims destroyed,” explains Mirela, murmuring the words beneath an angry cascade of Romani from the others.

    “When I was small, I was playing with Serb guys and Muslims,” volunteers Sanela’s 16-year-old son, Elvis, drawn into the living room by the smell of coffee. Tall and skinny, he slumps into the sofa, gulps coffee and leans forward. “I was about 8 years old when the war started, and I thought I would die. People did die; I saw soldiers hit you if you just said something. But I was lucky: If I’d been this age then, I would have had to fight; I couldn’t say no, or they would shoot me. It happened to a Rom I knew.”

    Asked whether it was Bosnians or Serbs who made the boy fight, Elvis shrugs eloquently; he neither knows nor cares. “First the Serbs conquered our town,” he explains, “and then the Muslims came in ’94 and said, ‘You guys were fighting with the Serbs against us,’ and destroyed our house. We were already gone — in ’93 we went in a convoy to Croatia. Everyone with a Muslim name had to leave.”

    “We had to sign papers giving up our rights to our property,” says his mother. “In Croatia, we went to churches for help and the priests said, ‘Nothing for Muslims.’ I said, ‘We are not Muslim, we are gypsies,’ and then one priest gave us food. But there was no life there for us.” The family paid a hefty chunk of their savings to a Croatian man who promised to smuggle them to Belgium in his van. At each border — Slovenia, Austria, Germany, Belgium — they climbed from the back of the van and sneaked breathlessly across streams and woods, meeting the driver at a prearranged spot safely beyond the checkpoint. To survive in Belgium, they had to beg, says Sanela, thrusting out her hand and looking disgusted. “Moroccan people gave us money. Belgians did not. We were always on the run, sleeping in streets, going on interviews to see if we could stay someplace.” Finally they made their way to the Netherlands, where they lived in a camp and Elvis was able to go to school. “I had many friends there,” he says proudly. “It was like camp — corrugated walls, a room about this size for us” — he gestures at the tiny living room. “We were there two or three years. I wanted to stay; the time for me was really fast there. But they didn’t give us status.”

    His mother wanted to stay, too, mainly because the doctors were kind. She’d started having problems with her nerves in Belgium, when so many days went by without their finding a place to stay. At night, nightmares of war exploded one after another, relentless as machine guns. Sanela still takes strong medicine for depression. She brings the pharmacy bag to demonstrate, handing it over with a worried look. “The medicine is too strong because she is so thin,” her sister explains, and Sanela confides that sometimes she gets dizzy and it scares her. “But I have to take it, or — ” she makes her hands shake convulsively. “One time in Holland,” she adds casually, “I take all medicine to kill me.”

    Elvis’ eyes are cast down, fixed on the glossy red Job Corps folder in the middle of the coffee table. He left it there on purpose, because it makes his mom happy to talk about his future, which could be bright if he’d stay in school. He already speaks eight languages, picks them up easy as breathing. But all he really wants is to be a mechanic and have a car. “He sleeps, he thinks about car,” sighs his mom, and Elvis sighs like a burdened parent himself: “I like cars much too much.”

    Even a Mercedes wouldn’t drive away the nightmares, though: Sanela jerks her upper body to show how her son wakes at night. Hafidza, too, has nightmares, but she refuses to talk about them. “Why people sick like that, it’s because they think too much of what is past,” she says, glancing at her daughter before rising to clear the cups.

    The original “gypsies” came from several different ethnic groups, gathered into a band to fight the Muslims. Scholars have narrowed their origins to northern India but haven’t yet figured out why so many left at the end of the 10th century. Slowly making their way up through Iran (one Romani legend says they flew on the wings of a turkey), they arrived in Europe around 1100. They announced themselves as exiles from Little Egypt. Promptly, mistakenly, they were christened “gypsies.” The newcomers had no territory, no wealth, no allies or political authority, no place to seek refuge. Swept to the margins of each society they entered, they were burned in medieval pogroms, enslaved in Romania, banished from Napoleon’s France, ordered by the king of Hungary to give up their dress and language.

    Asked what he knows of his people’s history, Elvis shrugs. “Some say we came from India,” he says finally, and Mirela nods eagerly. “If you see Indian people, same dances, same life,” she says. “They like to eat, drink, dance. Music — music is something beautiful to us.” She looks at her nephew expectantly, and he rises to play a cassette of mournful Roma music. “Only Roma can understand what is pain and soul,” he says, his eyes daring you to contradict him. Then the music quickens, its spirit lifting his. “Show the dance,” he urges, and while the older women dissemble, Mirela’s toddler sways her hips unsteadily, curving her hands forward with perfect grace.

    Eventually Sanela leaves the room and returns in a vivid full skirt, bare- midriffed. Lost in the music, she is utterly unselfconscious, taut stomach muscles rippling as she demonstrates their dance. Mirela looks a little uncomfortable. “My people only wear that on Gurgev Dan,” she says hurriedly.

    That’s Gypsy Day, May 6, otherwise known as St. George’s Day. “It was originally a Serbian festival,” says Elvis, “but they like too much the gypsy music, so without us there is no Gurgev Dan. Now,” he adds, “the gypsies alone are making the party. If someone in your family is dead and he is not at the day with you, you light a cigarette for him, for his soul.”

    On a traditional Gurgev Dan, bonfires blaze at dawn and the coffee bubbles strong and fragrant in tin pots. By mid-morning, the sweet crackle of roasting pig has claimed the air. After dinner, the young men, half-drunk, jump the flames, and the poets set candles in Styrofoam and float them on the blackening river. Then the violins start, their music pulling dancers toward a clearing, and the children, eyes filled with the blurred bright colors of their mothers’ whirling skirts, fall fast asleep on the hard ground.

    The custom probably won’t continue here: too many rules about bonfires, and curfew, and river access, and alcohol outdoors. That’s the sort of contrast that makes people romanticize gypsy life, imagining it as a passionate freedom from bourgeois constraints; an outlet for what is vivid, soulful and irrational; a repository of ancient lore and mystery.

    Early in the war, when soldiers showed up in Zavidovici asking to buy four vans, Avdija Huskic knew what to do. Well-schooled in his grandmother’s import- export business, the teenager urged the men to take them for nothing. “I give it to you guys,” he said. “If I live in this place, I want it to be safe.”

    Pleased, the soldiers suggested he come along with them and drive the vans, join in the struggle. The mood changed instantly. “I don’t want to kill nobody, I don’t want to drive nothing,” retorted Huskic, backing away.

    One of the soldiers stepped closer. “You see what is happening,” he said, his voice raw. “Serbs are killing us.”

    “To me,” the boy repeated stubbornly, “everybody is the same.”

    The hate he saw in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and now sees here, bewilders him. “Many priests tell me about Adam and Eva, the first people,” remarks Huskic. “You might say that you’re American and he’s Serbian and I’m Bosnian — but we all came from those two people.”

    Born in Zavidovici, he grew up with his beloved grandmother, and when she died in 1985, he struck out on his own, finding relatives in other countries and learning how to buy Italian robes and linens, carry them across borders and sell them at a profit. Then, sensing the impending war — “We know trouble before anybody else” — Huskic tried to get Croatian papers but was refused. Eventually he was found hiding out in a small Croatian town without documentation and sent to a camp on the tiny island of Obonjan.

    “For 17 months, you don’t see cars,” he says, making it as tragic as not seeing the sun. He doesn’t talk abut the violence there or explain why his forearms don’t completely straighten anymore. Instead, he cheerfully describes the size of the “mice,” holding his hands a foot apart. “We shooed them away; we didn’t kill them. I tried to put wood up to block them out; I used — like for a shoe — laces. Everybody was amazed that I made a door. But the wind was really strong and cold, and you only had one blanket, so you put half under you and the rest tried to pull it over you, and made a pillow with your clothes.

    “There were maybe 4,000 people there,” he continues. “They said, ‘How come you have Avdija name? That is Muslim name,’ and I said, ‘We don’t have gypsy names, we have Serb or Muslim or Catholic — we have those names. Then a policeman said, ‘If you are close to that Serb, I will break your leg.’ And I said, ‘The man is the same to me as you. He is just a man.’”

    While confined on Obonjan, Huskic watched his friend steal the police ferryboat he’d just washed and head, like so many others, for Italy. “I hosed the boat, put the keys back and left, and he came inside, took the keys and made a run for it. The police boat could make that 45-minute ferry crossing in three minutes. My friend had been beaten by the Croatian police, so he told the Italians, ‘Go ahead and arrest me.’ Later he called me on the phone and said he’d gotten papers as a refugee.”

    With the help of an American journalist, Huskic, too, secured permission to leave, arriving in the U.S. on Sept. 7, 1995. He stayed nearly two years in Binghamton, N.Y., then, at age 22, came on his own to St. Louis. Standing in line at the crowded, chaotic International Institute, Huskic — whose thin, sensitive features and smoldering eyes would startle most American women into shyness — met his future wife, also Romani. She came from Prijedor, a city north of his hometown. “I had a really nice suit,” he grins, “and I took my haircut, and I had 1,000 German marks glued under my shoes. So all the time I am checking out my shoes. I saw her walking with her brother, and then I heard her trying to send something to Switzerland, and I offered to write ‘Switzerland’ for her. She said, ‘You’re gypsy?’”

    The couple now has two small children, and Huskic is making payments on a four-family flat big enough to accommodate his wife’s extended family. He’s also making payments on an Infiniti, bought to impress his people because he eventually hopes to be a gypsy king (a position many now accord to his wife’s grandfather). “You have to be straight up to be a gypsy king,” explains Huskic, “and you have to have all the information, go to meetings, politics, that kind of stuff. In Bosnia you have to be rich, too, but here everybody knows we can’t get lots of money.” He works full-time as a custodian for St. Margaret of Scotland, does odd jobs on the side and hopes to rent out the family’s fourth flat. “I want to make sure they are nice people,” he says, holding himself a little straighter. “I like to be clean, put out flowers.”

    He’s a living contradiction of the “dirty thieving wanderer” stereotype, and he knows it. He also knows why: “Lots of gypsies never have any education, but I went to school for eight years.” A math and language whiz, he says the other kids’ taunting finally drove him away. “Everybody call us ‘Gypsy, gypsy.’ First grade they try to bother me, and I start to fight back. I say, ‘Why you can tell me that? I have my name; you can call me my name. You have your own; I have my own.’

    “When I was older, the boys were fighting with me,” he continues, “saying, ‘Gypsy-gypsy-gypsy,’ and one day I take a chair and break the window and throw everything out. The policeman came, and I said, ‘Would you not be mad if somebody tried to make you mad for nothing?’ And then I stopped going to school. My aunt was really young, my age, so I took her with me to the office and said, ‘I got married — I’m not going anymore to school.’ And the principal bought us a wedding present.”

    By the time he left school, he’d had a brush with “gypsy crime”: “One of my friends had a machine and was making no-good money, crazy money,” recalls Huskic. “I said, ‘I don’t want to be in jail for that. Somebody can kill you like a dog.’ He said, ‘You can just drive the car.’ I said, ‘No, I’m just 15 years old!’ — and finally I said, ‘OK, let’s go.’ It had 16 valves, stick shift, really fast,” he adds, the glee still alive. “We stop and sell 3,000 German marks, then go to Sarajevo, and he sells another couple thousand. I said, ‘Let’s go now — don’t do it anymore.’ He wanted to sell it back home. I said, ‘Anybody knows us there — let’s go, let’s go.’ Then a policeman caught us both. I told the truth, everything, and they let me go.”

    Gypsy crime isn’t always so benign: “The Roma I worked with in Latvia were dealing drugs,” notes Barbara Bogomolov, who now manages refugee-health services at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. “In many communities overseas, the Roma are relegated to a criminal fringe role. But I’ve seen no sign of crime in the Roma I’ve worked with here.”

    Europeans would find that hard to believe. Their crime reports throb with a new kind of outrage — not clever-cute warnings of fortune-teller fraud but a bristling fury at the gypsies’ audacity. Roma made headlines Jan. 21 when they cleared 74 acres of forest in the Rumanian village of Afumati, refused to give up the stolen wood and then allegedly attacked the policemen asking them to leave. On Feb. 1, when staff at a supermarket near London were squirted with breast milk by a lactating Romani refugee they’d caught stealing. On Feb. 13 in Tabor, just south of Prague, when they refused requests to leave a restaurant well after closing time. Three were injured in the resulting melee.

    These accounts reek of fear — not so much the traditional fear, of being exploited by thieves and tramps and fraudulent fortune-tellers, but a more primal fear, of the wild strangers who intrude on civilized society and shatter its rules. Roma are quintessentially Other: They pay no heed to conventions of home ownership, propriety or churchgoing morality; they have no stake in society, no mortgage or stock portfolio, few relationships of mutual respect with gadje. So until recently, they’ve had little incentive to stick around, fill out the census form, sign up to bring a casserole, show up for Little League.

    Now economics and social pressures are forcing the issue.

    In August 1996, Disney Adventures magazine wrote whimsically about a condition called “gypsyitis,” its symptoms being “an urge to run away from it all and dance among the dandelions.” Taken aback by protests, the editor insisted that this was “a positive portrayal of the Gypsy spirit.” But outside the Magic Kingdom, the Roma are more focused on survival than on dandelion-dancing.

    “No sign here of that romantic roving life,” announced Richard Blystone, broadcasting for CNN from Usti nad Labem. “Most of East and Central Europe’s 6 million gypsies have forgotten it, we were told, and don’t really want it anymore — but haven’t been accepted staying put.”

    The nomadic life started out of necessity. When the Roma arrived in Europe, they didn’t own property but weren’t serfs, so they had no position in which to stay anywhere for any length of time. Rivers became their bathtubs, and they developed a strict taboo against contamination, or marime. (Ian Hancock, a scholar who has written extensively about his Roma heritage, remembers being taught with utter disgust that the gadje washed clothes and vegetables in the same bowl and let dogs eat off their plates and sleep in their beds.)

    Gradually the travelers developed trades natural to a caravan: shoeing horses, peddling wares, performing. They were accused of shiftlessness, yet they could whisper horses, exchange currencies without a calculator, carve treasures from scrap material, turn a violin into theology. “Their music pulls your soul to cry,” says Amir Hotic, adding, “Maybe it is because they don’t have a set house. Maybe they are crying to be settled, crying to be recognized.” He says he hired two Roma at the Marriott West, and that very day a $10,000 LCD projector went missing. The pair were suspected immediately. But management later decided the client had taken the projector with him — and the Roma proved excellent employees.

    “You hear people say they are lazy,” remarks Bogomolov, “but if you look carefully, they are anything but lazy about the issues they deem important. If something is not important to them, even if it’s quite within their capability, it’s rather important for it not to be important. The whole philosophy is that you should not waste your energy and time and precious thought on something that is truly not an issue.”

    Equally misunderstood is the Roma attitude toward “duty” and “possessions” — words that, for years, supposed experts have claimed do not exist in Romani. Exasperated by a mistake that gets picked up, repeated and philosophized every time someone writes about the Roma, Hancock finally compiled a list of 10 words for duty and 15 for “possession” from the language’s various dialects. No one had bothered to check.

    The Roma keep their secrets, that’s the excuse; they refuse to teach gadje their language or the rituals that color their lives. Indeed, history and sociology texts are full of elaborately footnoted, utterly inaccurate explanations of gypsy culture, mischievously offered to amateur scholars who’d made pets of them. The secrecy is mainly self-protection, but it widens the wedge, making alienation not only the core of Roma identity but its curse.

    Trust cancels the curse. So Avdija Huskic has been trying to teach Ron Klutho the ropes — how to roast a pig, how to speak Romani. “To be gypsy, you don’t need to be really fantastic,” he said reassuringly. “You just need to be with the people all the time, have a community, eat together. Five or six people eat from one plate.” Klutho got the message: Americans don’t know how to share, or live in the moment, or enjoy themselves with abandon. In Huskic’s words, “Gadje just eat pita; we eat the whole lamb.” (It’s not just metaphor: The last time Huskic roasted a lamb outdoors on a spit, neighbors yelled, “What are you doing? You killed a dog!”)

    In fairness, though, there is much in Roma culture to confuse an outsider. Until recently, St. Louis’ only real clues came at times of death, when the gypsies’ elaborate rites of mourning caught the media’s attention. Back in 1935, when Queen Lily of the Mitchell tribe died, she lay in state in a tent on the grounds of the Hoffmeister Mortuary at 7814 S. Broadway, clothed in pink and red silk, with clean straw beneath her casket and a lighted gasoline stove in front of it. Six years later, another Roma chief, Gus Stevens, lay in state under a tent at a gypsy camp in Bridgeton, where 30 followers kissed his feet and face and drank whiskey in his honor, pouring a sip on the ground for the Old Man before each drink.

    According to Anne Sutherland, who has written about cross-cultural medicine in the Patrin Web Journal, a repository of information on the Romani culture, “Reporters, physicians, hospital staff, social workers and police are all aware of a great happening when a gypsy becomes seriously ill and dies. When they ask what is going on, they may be told, ‘A gypsy king (queen, prince) has died.’ This reply is a way of satisfying reporters and providing a reasonable explanation to hospital staff and police of why the gypsies are flocking into town in large numbers…. Death is a major crisis in a gypsy family that must be dealt with in ritual.”

    Mourning swallows every other aspect of life; one does not wash or shave or comb one’s hair, and no food is prepared during the intense grieving period. Next, all material ties with the deceased must be burned, broken or sold without profit. “After a funeral, depending on how much money you have, you go to a hotel or someone’s home,” says Huskic. “You put the person down, the family puts a little dirt and then everybody shovels a little, and when you leave, you can’t turn back, or he will pull you down with him. After the funeral, people go directly to wash their hands. And then we eat. Some people go back and bring food to the cemetery. If the man smoked, then you smoke. If he drank, you have to spill a little into the grave and then drink.

    “We have wedding customs, too,” he offers. “Put two thin loaves of bread under the wife’s arms, you have sugar cubes in your mouth — you have to kiss and exchange. Then you put the right hand up outside the door and hit her. If she falls down, she is not good. Then you take glasses and break them. If those glasses don’t break, it is not good also. But I did it different here in America, just going to the judge.”

    His voice is wistful; life seems a little less sacred here, and though, like most Roma, he has little patience for the categories of organized religion, he feels no less religious because of it. “We do believe in God,” points out Sanela. “We don’t see him, but we feel h

  • PSYCHIC STEALING

    PSYCHIC STEALING

    Most experiences with psychics, whether at a psychic fair or a psychic house party, are fun, droll, hopeful, but likely viewed as a lark — not something that might worm its way into your head and fester like gangrene. The experience of Tina and her mother was not a lark.

    One day in May 1997, 19-year-old Tina found a flier on her windshield. “Sister White,” it read. “Psychic Readings. Advice on Business, Marriage and Love Affairs. Bring your problems to me — I will help solve them.” The flier, which featured small pictures of an open red palm and a disembodied hand holding a set of playing cards, gave an address on Butler Hill Road in South County. Tina had never been to a fortune-teller, but the flier intrigued her. It had been just three months since her father, only 43, had died suddenly of a heart attack — and Tina was still searching for an answer, hoping someone could pull back the curtain and explain. She went to see Sister White. At first, the visit was unremarkable.

    “I felt comfortable,” she recalls. “The office was neat and carpeted. There was a big-screen TV in the waiting area.” Sister White — a small woman in her early 50s with dark hair and dark eyes — appeared. There were open sores on her face and neck, about the size of quarters, as if the skin had been chafed with sandpaper. “We went into a backroom, and she took my hands and gave me a reading,” Tina says. “It lasted 15-20 minutes. (It was) nothing exciting.”

    Tina then told Sister White about her father and asked the fateful question: “Is my dad all right?”

    At this point, says Tina, Sister White’s demeanor took a turn. “She said she got a “bad feeling’ about my father. She said he had been cursed by somebody our family knew, someone jealous of him. She kept saying “curse’ and that our family had been put under a spell. I was mesmerized and scared by all this. I wondered if this was another side to why my father passed away.” The woman told Tina she needed to bring in her mother to “talk about this curse.” She was emphatic about that. But Tina’s mother, Kathy, 42 years old and newly widowed, was not keen on talking to a psychic about her dead husband.

    Tina won out, however, and two days after Tina’s initial visit, mother and daughter went back to the neat modern office on Butler Hill Road. Kathy went in by herself while Tina stayed in the waiting area. In the course of her reading, Sister White again gave dire warnings of a curse on the family. But this time, she got specific: The curse was on her husband’s lifetime earnings — once he had reached $500,000, a “deadline” would be met, and he was destined to cash out. Permanently. But the curse was still in effect, explained Sister White, the money still tainted. Unless something was done, Kathy and her daughters would suffer the consequences. It would tear them apart.

    Over the next two months, Kathy would become intimately involved with Sister White. She began going on her own, as many as a dozen times, more frequently than even Tina knew. “She would come home very upset, scared to death,” recalls Tina. “She cried every night.”

    One day, Tina says, Sister White told Kathy to come into the bedroom in the rear of the office. She instructed Kathy to remove her clothing and lie on the bed. Kathy did. An egg, a cloth and some other things had been placed on a dresser. Sister White rolled the egg around on Kathy’s abdomen. She talked of removing the bad spirits that had collected inside Kathy. Then, says Tina, Sister White took the egg — which, like a superabsorbent paper towel, had supposedly sopped up all the icky psychic residue — and “when she cracked it open, there was black stuff inside.”

    Other exercises that Sister White required of Kathy included stuffing as much as $2,000 cash in her clothing; sleeping with large amounts of cash in her bed; and collecting a picture of her husband, along with his work clothes and shoes, and burying the items in the frontyard with the shoes facing the house. That was two years ago. As far as Tina knows, the mundane talismans are still there.

    THE CITY OF ST. LOUIS DOESN’T TOLERATE SISTER WHITE or any of her mystic cohorts. Interestingly, lawmakers validated psychic activity long ago by prohibiting it. The city’s “Seer Law,” city ordinance 15.86.010 (circa 1912), actually prohibits “foretelling knowledge of future events of another’s life or affairs.” Violating the ordinance is a misdemeanor offense.

    Thanks to the ordinance, all practitioners of the “crafty” arts hang their shingles (neon signs, in some cases) outside the city limits. And although it’s likely that many are doing business, by word-of-mouth and personal reference, a check of the Southwestern Bell Yellow Pages under “Psychics & Mediums” shows 33 listings. Most are national hotlines with a get-acquainted 800 number leading to a pay-per-reading 900 number. Among these are celebrity-endorsed psychic readers, including LaToya Jackson’s Psychic Network, Connie Francis Love Enhancement Psychic Line and Brigitte Nielsen’s Witches of Salem: “Talk live to authentic witches. If you enjoy talking to psychics, you’re ready for the next level. You’re ready for witches.”

    Six years ago, then-28th Ward Ald. Dan McGuire tried to repeal the ban on fortune-telling in the city. “Some constituents wanted to operate a pushcart at Union Station,” he recalls, “selling horoscopes, and when they went to get a business license, they were told, “Sorry, you can’t do that.’” McGuire says he didn’t see the harm in such an enterprise, and he attempted to persuade his fellow aldermen to permit a bit of harmless chicanery. It was not to be. Says McGuire, now director of the Department of Parks, Recreation and Forestry, “Some of my Catholic colleagues were quite opposed to lifting the ordinance, (Ald. Michael) Sheehan in particular, and the proposed repeal was voted down.”

    If you call yourself a parapsychologist, you can get around the ordinance. The Rev. H.B. Woolcock, 88, a “God-Sent Man from Jamaica” who claims to have a Ph.D., has kept offices on North Grand since 1956. Judging by the lingo in his regular ads in the Evening Whirl, he offers the same sorts of services as would a psychic: “Are you becoming uninterested in THIS LIFE? UNHAPPY MOST OF THE TIME? Do you know the CAUSE? Do you feel at times that there are STRANGE forces holding you back? Do you “see things’ “hear voices’ or feel haunted by the DEAD?” But the Rev. Woolcock’s approach seems to be more Norman Vincent Peale — “Power of Mind, Rightly Directed,” his motto — than the mystical stylings of a Sister White or even a Papa George, the Haitian worker of spells who routinely advertises in this newspaper. The upshot of all this is that the Rev. Woolcock has a St. Louis business license for his Parapsychological Counseling Service.

    Of the local practitioners listed in the phone book are several who claim to be “genuine,” “92% accurate” and “nationally recognized.” Given all of these claims, how does one go about shopping for a psychic? All there is to go on are their business cards, promotional brochures and ads in such New Age fishwraps as Pathfinder. And such variety! To be truly flummoxed, try to taxonomize today’s hodgepodge of mystic dilettantes. The veritable Pandora’s Box of characters includes intuitive consultants, psychic readers, astrologer/psychics, tarot readers, iridologists, numerologists, stone wrappers, aura readers, psychometrists and medium/ channelers. To further complicate matters, a strand comprising disparate practices and beliefs — hypnosis, miracles, Sufism, angels, shamanism, UFOs, therapeutic massage, feng shui, Morris dancing — seems to run through it all like some cosmic twine.

    There are the touchy-feely, bathed-in-light, ultrasensitive psychics who work out of New Age salons such as Mystic Valley and Pathways. (“I can’t talk to you anymore,” one flustered woman uttered during an interview. “My energy doesn’t blend with your energy.”) And then there are the old-school, evil-eye, fortune-teller psychics, the ones with the sign of the red palm out front who usually employ titles — often quasi-religious — such as “Madam,” “Sister,” “Reverend” or “Mrs.” before their surnames. Members of the Adams family — no, not Gomez and Morticia; that’s the Addams Family — fall in this category, police say. Among these Adamses is Laura Adams, who as Sister White preyed on Kathy and Tina.

    This Adams family has been locally active as psychics at least since 1975, when Dorothy Adams was arrested for attempted theft by deception. That case was dropped when the victims declined to pursue prosecution. She was arrested again on the same charges a year later; again, the victim or victims declined to press charges. But in 1985, after a nine-month investigation by undercover officers, four psychics operating out of their St. Louis County homes were rounded up, and this time the charges stuck. The arrested psychics were telling people they had problems or conditions that they really didn’t have, from hexes to cancer, then accepting payment for “solving” these problems. According to news accounts at the time, one victimized family had paid one of the fortune-tellers about $1,000 for her services. “One daughter, who had complained of headaches, was told that she had cancer, which would be cured if she paid $150 and bathed in salt water,” the St. Louis Post- Dispatch reported.

    Three of the women who were arrested were members of the Adams family: Dolly Adams, who did business as the Rev. Mother Taylor on Page Avenue in Pagedale; her daughter, Theresa Adams, who did business as the Rev. Mother Tina on Natural Bridge Road in Bel-Ridge; and the irrepressible Dorothy Adams, operating as the Rev. Hilton in a big white house on Watson Road in unincorporated St. Louis County, just west of the St. Louis city limits. Though boarded up and vacant these last 14 years, the property on Watson — now a pigeon hotel — is still registered to Dorothy Adams in High Pointe, N.C.

    It’s unclear how Laura Adams, who declined numerous invitations to comment on this story, is related to the other Adams women, but police are confident “Sister White” is part of the large group of affiliated, and sometimes nefarious, fortune-tellers. “It’s almost like a big network,” says St. Louis County Police Detective Kevin Cavanaugh, who was in on the Sister White bunco investigation from start to finish. “They’re all intermingled, but it’s hard to say who’s into who.” Paul D’Agrosa, the lawyer who represented Laura Adams, also isn’t sure how all the Adamses are related. “I don’t even to this day understand the relationship, whether they’re related by marriage, by blood or both.”

    Madam Mae, a longtime palmist in the Wellston Loop, was no fan of the Adamses. “Granny used to call them up and curse them out — she could curse like a sailor — for stealing her cut,” says Phyllis, Mae’s granddaughter, who has taken over the business since the passing of Mae in 1989 at age 92. A “cut” was what Madam Mae called her topographical map of the palm, which she had used in advertising since her traveling-carnival days as Madam Mezola. Never mind that she did not have a copyright on the old symbol — the Adams had no call to appropriate it for their own ads in the weekly papers.

    Elizabeth LeJeunesse, a former parapsychologist and psychic consultant who now runs a center for abused women, has also observed the Adamses over time. “I’ve watched those women for 20 years,” she says. “They’ve been very much around, working under different names at different times at different locations. They’ve always skirted the law, and they’ve always had a lawyer.”

    Their M.O., says LeJeunesse, is to “take a minimum amount of information — the rings on the fingers, the kind of car (a client is) driving — and extrapolate a maximum of data. They’ll do a “cold reading’ — that is, they make a general statement, watch for the reaction, and go from there. Some of these readers are so powerful in their convictions, they can make someone believe they really are under a dreadful spell, and the reason he can’t get his girlfriend back or can’t get an erection or can’t hold a job is because of this spell. For a price, they will burn so many candles to lift this spell, and of course their candles are the only ones that work. Once they’ve got their tentacles in you, it can be addictive, this need for advice, direction. Some people can’t even pick a restaurant without consulting their psychics — just incredible! And these poor, gullible people who come to depend on their psychics are just as addicted as any heroin junkie. I don’t know that these Adams people are psychic, but they’re very shrewd businesswomen, and they’ve made a ton of money.”

    Kathy Worley, a professional psychic located in West County, says she has heard several tales about the Adamses: “You ready for this one? One of my regular clients suddenly stopped coming, and about a year-and-a-half later she called to explain. She said, “Kathy, I feel guilty telling you this, but I went to another psychic out on St. Charles Rock Road, and she told me there’d been a curse put on me and that I could get my boyfriend back if I gave her money.’ It turned out she had given this psychic almost $2,000, and this woman makes minimum wage. Then she said, “Kathy, she also told me that you put a curse on me and that I should stay away from you, and that’s why I haven’t been around.’

    “Well, what the reader was afraid of is that I would tell this poor woman the truth, that she was being ripped off,” says Worley. “I have heard countless stories — how they make snakes come out of eggs, turn eggs rotten. What they do is switch the eggs. Oh, they do terrible things to people who are going through vulnerable times. It just makes you sick. What I don’t get is how when one human being sees another human being is in a lot of pain, they not only dupe them, give false hope, but they take their money, too. I just tell people that if you see the red palm, or if they have a lot of religious articles around them, or they say there’s a curse put on you, run like hell, because basically they’ll rob you blind.”

    SISTER WHITE DIDN’T ASK KATHY FOR money until the seventh visit. At that time, says Tina, “she needed as much money as Mom could bring to her. In cash — it had to be in cash. She was going to pray over this money, bless it and remove the curse once and for all.” Kathy offered the figure of $20,000. Sister White insisted that that sum was not enough. Says Tina, “Mom said she told her that the more cash she brought, the better this thing would work. Sister White said it was a very deep-rooted curse.”

    The plan devised by Sister White was simple enough: Go to the bank; withdraw cash; first bring it to their home (where Kathy would “meditate on it” for a period), then bring it to Sister White. The psychic, says Tina, had assured Kathy that she was not going to take any of the money — just perform some incantations on it and give it back.

    “She lied,” says Tina, ruefully.

    Tina and Kathy went to the bank and took out $82,000 in cash, about half of the family’s life savings. They went into one of those counting rooms that you see in the movies. “There were stacks of bills lying everywhere,” says Tina. “I remember thinking, “This is my college tuition — what are we doing?’” They boxed the money up and brought it to the car. Kathy’s other three daughters, incidentally, were unaware of what was taking place. “What are those boxes?” they asked as Mom and Sis spirited the cash into Kathy’s room. Later that day, they went to Sister White’s place. Kathy went in with the money; Tina stayed in the car.

    “That was the first time in my life I ever fell asleep in a car,” says Tina, “and an hour-and-a-half later I was awakened by my mom, who was sobbing and saying, “Let’s go, let’s go!’ I asked her, “Where’s our money?’ and she said, “Don’t worry, just go, everything is fixed.’ I don’t know what happened in there, but it was devastating to my mom. Sister White had told my mom that she had to take the money to a church, that she could better pray over it there.” Kathy was told to come back the next day and get the de-cursed stash.

    “Mom went back the next day alone,” says Tina. “Sister White told her, sorry, she had to burn the money. There was too much anger surrounding it. If the money wasn’t destroyed, the family would never again be prosperous.”

    In hindsight, Tina believes that after the first visit Sister White had researched the family through the obituaries. She knew there were four daughters; she knew their names. She suspected, correctly, that Kathy’s husband, an assembly-line worker at the Chrysler plant, had left the family in a healthy financial state.

    Kathy went to the police, but not right away. She had handed half of the family’s life savings to a virtual stranger. It took time for the hurt and anger and embarrassment to set in. Meanwhile, Sister White kept calling: The curse wasn’t quite removed. She exhorted Kathy to return for more sessions — and that was her downfall. Detectives tapped Kathy’s phone and eventually recorded enough incriminating statements to charge Laura Adams with felony theft. She was arrested on Oct. 9, 1997. Bond was set at $5,000. The warrant reads: One count “stealing $750 or more by deceit.” Laura Adams (the name she was charged under) enlisted the legal services of Wolff & D’Agrosa, a well-known Clayton law firm. And during the period between her arrest and her sentencing, the psychic turned to psychiatry.

    On May 27, 1998, Adams was voluntarily admitted to St. Mary’s Health Center by her psychiatrist, Dr. Raymond Knowles (who, interestingly, specializes in helping victims of psychic addiction) with a diagnosis of “major depression with psychotic features.” On July 14, she was readmitted to St. Mary’s with the same diagnosis by the same doctor. On July 30, Laura Adams and her attorney filed a motion to stay proceedings until Adams underwent a court-appointed psychiatric examination and the results could be evaluated. Prosecutors objected to any postponement, noting in a court filing that Adams appeared to “become depressed two to three days prior to the dates she is scheduled to appear in court.”

    Adams eventually pleaded guilty in November 1998, and sentencing was set for February of this year. After months of delaying the inevitable, the fortune-teller finally got her comeuppance. On July 9, Circuit Court Judge Larry Kendrick suspended imposition of a sentence and placed Adams on probation for five years. Adams already had made partial restitution to Kathy to the tune of $40,000, but as a special condition of probation, Kendrick ordered Adams to make the remaining $42,000 restitution payable to Kathy at the rate of $754 per month. That’s a lot of palms to read.

    To Tina, the slap-on-the-wrist sentence amounted to a slap in the face. “I feel like the judicial system failed,” she says. “People get put away two, three years for passing bad checks; she gets off on five years’ probation, pays half the money back and is still practicing her spells. The humiliation and embarrassment this lady put us through will never leave me.”

    Who knows how many other people, trusting and gullible, Sister White has bamboozled? People may be reluctant to come forward out of fear of appearing foolish. One woman, an Indochinese immigrant, alleges that in 1996, one year before Kathy’s ordeal, Sister White took her savings of $36,000 in the very same way. The difference is, the woman never filed a criminal complaint but instead sought to reclaim her money by hiring an attorney and filing a civil lawsuit. Her lawyer, Tim Hogan, says she chose this route because she would be mortified by the spotlight of publicity. That lawsuit, at present, is moving along the judicial conveyor belt.

    Detective Cavanaugh understands this skittishness and believes it’s all the more reason to praise Tina and Kathy for bringing the situation to the attention of police. “You know, a lot of these things don’t ever come to court,” he says. “It’s tough getting the victims to come forward, they’re so embarrassed that it happened in the first place.”

    CHICANERY AMONG PSYCHICS IS HARDLY A new phenomenon. Magician Harry Houdini, in his fervent attempt to communicate with his dead mother, wound up debunking psychics and mediums during the 1920s. It became a public crusade. He was disappointed at the cheap parlor tricks — hidden microphones, “floating” orbs, stage whispers — that passed for the actual thing.

    Seventy years later, Houdini is likely rolling in his grave, because psychics in America seem to be enjoying a new round of popularity. And although there may be fewer “spirit mediums” in the phone book, fewer Ouija boards in the closet, a new kind of psychic — the media-savvy “intuitive consultant” — is insinuating herself in the pop-culture marketplace, she and her sisters popping up like mushrooms after a good downpour. Same old wine in a brand-new bottle? Perhaps, but the demand is intense. Try booking a psychic during the “witching month” of October — it’s like trying to find some red roses on Valentine’s Day. Psychic house parties are certainly in vogue. Ditto psychic fairs and a general embrace of things otherworldly, as the summer’s offering of clairvoyant-witch movies attests.

    At a mini-psychic fair at Mystic Valley, a New Age bookstore, boutique and coffee bar located in the Deer Creek Shopping Plaza in Shrewsbury, sports-radio personality Howard Balzer is in line with all the other believers who were waiting to buy healing crystals, Zen alarm clocks and books on working one’s lower chakras. Mystic Valley, with its incense, bells, chimes and other dingle-dangles hanging from the ceiling, is the kind of place where the Age of Aquarius has not only dawned but is peeking over the rooftops and casting shadows in the backyard. Balzer is there on the overcast Saturday afternoon to buy sage after an out-of-state psychic told him burning the herb would create positive energy (and thereby remove negative energy) around the Rams. It’s sure as hell working — at the time, the team is 3-and-0, soon to be 4-and-0.

    “This was right after Trent Green (the quarterback whose place was assumed by the heralded Kurt Warner) got hurt and people thought the team was cursed,” Balzer explains. “We burned the stuff before the first game, and look what happened. We’ve burned sage before every game, and now we’re on a roll. We talked it up on the show. Now, all sorts of people are burning sage around the Dome before game time, chanting, “You gotta believe.’” At that moment, someone else in line pipes up. “Hey,” she calls, holding up what looks like desiccated weeds, “I’m getting this sage for the game tomorrow, too.”

    “Amazing,” says Balzer. “I’ve started a movement.”

    The event at Mystic Valley is billed as a mini-psychic fair because only six psychics are present — among them a couple of tarot readers; a geomancer, who uses “an old form of divination”; and a person who scans auras with her “third eye” and draws them with colored pencils. Like waiters in a Hollywood restaurant, no one here seems to do just one thing — this one is a tarot reader and medical intuitive, this one a psychic consultant and “rebirther” (for those who didn’t get it right the first time). The readings for this particular event are out in the open, with tables situated in corners of the small store and in the aisles, making it easy to eavesdrop: “I only go six months out,” cautions one. “I see you having lower-back problems,” intones another. “You’re going to be famous,” prognosticates one in a loose, flowing skirt, “I believe in the next few years, possibly due to an act of heroism on your part.”

    “Woo-hoo!” whoops the paying client. She thinks for a second and queries, “But I’ll be all right, won’t I?”

    “It tickles your senses; it’s just another form of entertainment,” says Cate Houlihan, a hairdresser and occasional attendee of psychic fairs. “Basically, you hear what you want to hear. You may think it doesn’t pertain to anything in your life right now, and then something happens down the road, and you think, “Oh, she told me that would happen.’ They tell you positive things; they make you feel good for your $50. It’s like going to a shrink, but it’s cheaper. Sometimes I think that’s all people need, to be told by a total stranger that everything’s going to be OK.”

    Nancy Miller has come to the event with friends and daughter in tow. Miller, a trim, athletic-looking woman in her 40s, says she has been to many clairvoyants and readers — “some uncannily accurate” — and has been “doing tarot” for 25 years and still doesn’t quite comprehend it. Does she follow the leads, the advice of the psychics, steering her life in certain directions because of what they have said? “You don’t take it to heart,” she replies. “It’s kind of a hobby. There’s not a lot of reasoning to this, but there is a lot of spirituality in this.”

    In fact, you hear that over and over from psychic-goers: that readings are to be used as a tool, perhaps to be considered a snapshot preview to looming possibilities. But why do people even want to be told what’s going to happen in their lives? “Added insight,” says Trudy Barr, a hospital technician and self-professed reading junkie. “If someone is at a point where they need to make a choice, this is where psychics and intuition should be added into all the other information they have. It shouldn’t be, “My psychic told me to sell everything I own and invest in ABC stock.’”

    For instance, a psychic supposedly told actress Linda Evans to postpone marrying Yanni; then one of them lost interest and the wedding never happened. “If one of them lost interest, it wasn’t meant to happen,” declares Barr. “You have to use your psychic and your own gut feeling. Like if your best friend says, “Watch out for this guy — he’s a weasel,’ that can be good advice, too, though no one listens,” she chuckles. “I’ve told people things that were just as good as anything they’ve ever gotten in a reading, and 90 percent of it is common sense. You cannot factor out common sense.”

    Though Barr believes that the psychics at Mystic Valley are among the best she’s consulted — “They’re intuitive; they’ve studied their craft and developed their skills” — she is concerned about the current crop of novitiates. When Barr first began seeing psychics, sometime around 1982, the pickings were slim, she says. “They just were not around. You had to know someone, and I happened to find a woman who introduced me to this remarkable society. Once I got interested, I stayed interested. I would get readings from any reader who would hold still.

    “Now, it’s quite different. It’s like psychics are coming out of the woodwork. And I don’t feel that all of them are ready. They may be talented, they may have some ability, but I think they’re rushed into being a “reader’ too soon. You cannot buy a tarot book, a deck of cards, and call yourself a reader any more than you can read a chapter on appendectomy and go do it on somebody.”

    A glance around the store indicates that almost all of the patrons are women. “Women are more inclined to intuition,” Miller hypothesizes. “They feel more; their emotions are on the surface. Men, it’s hard for them to grasp this. Not that they can’t be intuitive,” she adds hastily, “but they don’t have time or inclination to fool with this. In my entire life, I haven’t met a man who thought this was interesting. My husband thinks it’s hogwash.”

    Miller’s husband is not alone. LeJeu-nesse, who patronizes a dry cleaner in Deer Creek Plaza, casts a critical eye on the burgeoning commercial psychic enterprise next door: “You go to Mystic Valley weekdays after noon and watch the women who go in there with high heels and uniforms of the business world, who are looking for advice on their lunch hour and getting this advice from some common housewife with a deck of cards, telling them what to do with their future. My God, it’s frightening and it’s sad.”

    Other observers of the trend see the attraction to psychics as the corollary of a deep-seated need to believe in something. “You can write critically about psychics and mediums all you want,” says the Rev. Woolcock in the dim, dusty confines of his office on North Grand. “These things have always happened and always will happen — oh, you should have seen all the gypsies and fortune-tellers along 42nd Street in New York during the ’50s. You cannot discourage the public from seeing them, because people need something to believe in, and if they can’t get it in church, they know where to go.”

    If a fascination with psychic fairs and the paranormal is on the rise — and judging from the volume of books on subjects ranging from practical witchcraft to locating your spirit guide, it is — Mary McLeod, a saleswoman at Mystic Valley, can understand why: “People are becoming more aware that it’s not just what you see in front of you that makes up life. People come in who have experienced dreams and visions, new sensations, which they’re curious about, and they are feeling more free to ask and to understand. Then they see there are so many ways to seek out these answers. Some want to erase old patterns, become better people or get closer to God. But I think ultimately what they all want is a greater perception on life.”

    Peter R. Phillips, professor emeritus of physics at Washington University and a member of the Society for Scientific Exploration, a professional forum for debate on topics outside mainstream science, believes some people may have psychic ability, though he concedes his is not a widely held view among scientists. “You talk to most scientists and you get the response that there’s no good evidence for psychic ability and that sensible people should not believe in these things. On the other hand, there is a minority of scientists, including me, who believe that there is strong evidence for at least some of these phenomena.”

    “We’re trying to establish the truth,” says Phillips. “There’s no omnipotent figure who is going to hand us the truth, and so we have to work it out between ourselves, and we just disagree on controversial issues like these.”

    Jerry LeClerc, a licensed professional counselor in Clayton, agrees that leaving open the doors of perception, even a crack, cannot hurt and may even help. “There are many things I can’t explain that seem to come from some other form of energy,” he says, “and there are some people, who seem to be in all ways reliable, who talk about their dreams’ being very meaningful and predictive. I’ve had clients who meditate to improve their mind. Previous to doing this, they said, “I don’t see the value in this exercise,’ but after they have meditated for some time, they then say, “I don’t see how I could not have done this.’ The same observation is there for psychic ability: that if I look at it as a serious thing, a possibility, maybe I would see something. But if I’m looking with skeptical eyes, I might not see it, I might not experience it. I may not click in. Like people who come to a hypnotist and have no belief in hypnosis more often than not will not be hypnotized. Just because you can’t prove something doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist.”

    AMONG THE SKEPTICS, THE GUYS AT THE Shell station on Butler Hill Road guffaw at the mention of Sister White. Across the street stand her former digs, a modest white frame building, neat as a pin, now serving as a realty office. Ask what became of her, and they’ll say, “Why, she moved out after she

  • BODY OF EVIDENCE

    BODY OF EVIDENCE

    The window tables at the Casa Gallardo restaurant on St. Charles Rock Road don’t ordinarily offer much of a view — a couple of bushes and a yucca plant surrounded by rocks in a small landscaped strip. But around noon one steamy Thursday, two TWA flight attendants walked in for lunch and were seated at the window table overlooking the bushes. Something caught their attention amid the greenery, peeking out from beneath the yucca plant.

    It was a human skull.

    It wasn’t the pearly color of an anatomy-class specimen or haunted-house prop. It was a shade of ocher, with bits of dirt lodged between its teeth. The face of the skull, jawbone askew, was aimed directly at the window on the building’s east side.

    Whether the flight attendants ever finished their lunch is unclear. The discovery was so startling and strange, one of the women thought it must be a prank. She called the manager over and pointed it out. Worried that other patrons might lose their appetites, the manager immediately pulled down the blinds, then called the Bridgeton police. It was 12:47 p.m. on June 28, 1990.

    It wasn’t a prank. Within the hour, crime-scene investigators were taking photographs, and the skull was sent to the St. Louis County medical examiner’s office. An anthropologist concluded that the bones were of “recent origin” and bore markings more consistent with an adult female than a male. Not much more could be determined.

    Walter Mutert, now Bridgeton’s police chief, remembers that the source of the skull was a mystery. At the time, a lot of digging was going on near Lambert International Airport, including the wholesale moving of cemeteries to make way for MetroLink, he notes. “There were problems with that airport cemetery, with remains coming up.

    “There was no reason to believe at that time there was any foul play,” Mutert says. “There was nothing for us to go by.”

    Police classified the case as “found human remains.” The cranium and jawbone were stored on a shelf at the county morgue, a skull with no name.

    In the 5-by-7-inch photograph, 27-year-old Linda Sue Sherman grins at the camera. Her head is cocked to the side, and her brown hair has the sort of long, layered look so popular in the mid-1980s. She’s wearing a blue turtleneck with eyeshadow to match.

    She was born in 1957 and spent her entire life in North St. Louis County, growing up on Dadebridge Court in Ferguson and attending McCluer High School, never straying far from the area she called home. Outgoing and athletic, Linda was the youngest daughter of Walter and Elenora Lutz — carpenter and homemaker — a churchgoing couple determined to see each of their children receive at least a high-school diploma.

    Linda almost didn’t graduate. She was 17 and pregnant when she exchanged vows with McCluer High classmate Donald Sherman during a small ceremony at Christ Memorial Baptist Church in Cool Valley on Feb. 10, 1975. The wedding wasn’t fancy. Linda wore a blue dress with a high neck and poufed sleeves. The groom sported a turtleneck sweater beneath his powder-blue jacket. They celebrated with their guests afterward at Noah’s Ark Restaurant in St. Charles.

    The newlyweds continued to attend McCluer High while renting a house next door to Linda’s parents, and Don, a senior, graduated a few months later. After giving birth to a daughter, Patricia Marie, in August, during her summer break, Linda began her final year of high school while her mother watched the baby. They called the little girl Patty.

    Don Sherman says those early years weren’t easy. The couple struggled to make ends meet while raising a child. Linda worked a few part-time jobs — altering suits at Sears, key-punching at Site Oil Co. — before settling into work in data entry. He worked briefly as an assistant manager at a gas station before becoming a machinist — a career he has stayed with ever since.

    One of Linda’s older brothers, Dennis Lutz, remembers trouble in the Sherman marriage. “I know they moved in next door to my mom and dad, and I know there was a lot of conflict at that point,” he says. “Her husband, Don, was a very jealous person. He didn’t even want her talking to people — other guys, that is.” Although Dennis moved to San Antonio, he saw Linda when he returned home for visits. “When we were home, we kinda did things together,” Lutz says. “He was even jealous about that. I said, “This is my sister. We’re going to go have lunch together.’ He would just have a fit.”

    By October 1977, the Shermans were separated, and Linda filed for divorce. She wanted custody of their daughter and the couple’s marital property: an assortment of furniture, some dishes and silverware, a sewing machine, a black-and-white television. Linda didn’t follow through with the divorce. In March 1979, a judge dismissed the petition for “failure to prosecute,” a legal term for lack of activity in the case.

    That same year, Linda and Don Sherman reconciled, and the young couple bought a modest five-room brick bungalow on a quiet dead-end street in Vinita Park, a small bedroom community of middle-class, mostly blue-collar families.

    In the early 1980s, while the couple struggled to make their home — and their relationship — work, Linda suffered a miscarriage and afterward was told she had epilepsy. She suffered from seizures, and, because of her health problems, says Don Sherman, the couple decided they would have no more children.

    Their marriage continued to have problems. In 1982, Linda moved out again, this time into an apartment in St. Ann, taking 7-year-old Patty with her. Apparently tensions between the couple had escalated. In September of that year, Linda filed for an order of protection against her husband, claiming he had threatened her and Patty and had “tampered” with her car. She described Don as “mentally unstable,” adding that he had threatened to take his own life “and possibly that of my daughter and myself.”

    Don Sherman admits an “instance” with his wife’s car. “The vehicle was in my name,” he says. “I just disabled it so it couldn’t be driven.” But he says those memories are too old to recall in detail. “I’m not sure what my reasoning was then. It was a long time ago.”

    A judge granted the order of protection and also ordered Don to pay $20 a week in child support.

    That separation didn’t last, either. Within a month, Linda notified the court that another reconciliation was in the works and that the protective order was “no longer necessary.”

    “Please acknowledge the fact that my husband, Donald E. Sherman, and myself, Linda S. Sherman, are presently working things out,” Linda wrote the judge on Oct. 21, 1982.

    Not long after the couple’s 10th wedding anniversary, in the spring of 1985, Linda was planning to leave Don again. She filed a petition for dissolution in St. Louis County Circuit Court on April 11. Frank Vatterott was her attorney. “I just remember her as being very nice, very polite, and an attractive lady,” he says. “She was not sophisticated or anything, but I think she was kind of classy…. I remember her as having class and being a person of stature.”

    Though the petition was filed, Don would not be served with the court papers for a few more weeks. Linda continued living with him at the house on Monroe Avenue in Vinita Park.

    “It was a little rocky right then at that time,” Don Sherman says. He was working the day shift at a machine shop; she worked evenings at the U.S. Government Records Center on Page Avenue. He says he had growing suspicions that his wife was having an affair: She had started smoking again after quitting years earlier. She didn’t come home from work on several occasions, and when he called her at home from work, she wouldn’t be there, he says.

    And then one day in the early spring of 1985, Sherman says, his suspicions were confirmed when a truck driver who worked with him saw Linda and one of her co-workers from the records center.

    It wasn’t the first time his wife had cheated on him, Sherman claims. She’d worked as a cocktail waitress at a Flaming Pit restaurant, and “that changed her in some ways.”

    In any case, Linda and Don’s relationship had soured, and tensions were high by April 1985. On April 22, after she worked her usual evening shift at the records center, Linda signed out at 2:16 a.m., went home and slept on the couch. Though Linda usually took Patty to school in the morning, on this day Don drove her to school. That evening, Don says Linda left for work around 6 p.m. She was wearing blue jeans, tennis shoes and a blue jersey emblazoned with the number 76, he says. Linda did not report to work.

    She never would again.

    That spring, Linda’s older sister, Fran, who lived in nearby Hazelwood, had begun talking on the phone with her sister almost every night. The conversations revolved mostly around the problems Linda was having with her husband. The phone calls stopped on April 22, and then Fran and her husband, Sam, learned that Linda hadn’t shown up for work. They began to worry.

    “She was getting ready to leave her husband for good,” remembers Sam Miller, a retired engineer, “and so she took certain steps. She talked to Fran about this a lot over the phone.” Fran nods her head. “She was trying to move out of the house and into an apartment somewhere.”

    Linda had filled out a change-of-address form at the local post office, directing her mail to her sister’s house on Coachway Lane in Hazelwood. Her last two paychecks came to the Miller house after Linda disappeared.

    One check is inside a manila folder Sam Miller keeps, the envelope still sealed. The folder contains old newspaper clippings, faded court documents and a small ad offering a $1,000 reward for information about Linda’s disappearance. Fran says Sam can remember all kinds of important names and dates, thanks to that folder. Memories fade. It’s been 14 years since they last saw Linda.

    Nestled among the papers in the folder is the 5-by-7 photograph of Linda.

    She’s not alone in the picture. Her husband is seated beside her on a brown flowered sofa. But when the Millers needed a photo for the missing-person poster, for the police file and the newspaper, they enlarged the part of the picture with Linda’s smiling face. They cut Don out entirely.

    Inside the small brick building on Midland Avenue, behind Vinita Park City Hall, Lt. Michael Webb keeps the same picture of Linda Sherman in a manila file folder. Her case fills two entire drawers in the metal cabinet in the corner of his office. The room is neat. On a nearby shelf, sandwiched between various law-enforcement titles, are books on botany and crime-scene archaeology.

    A seemingly unflappable man with a solemn voice, Webb, 48, has spent most of his career in Vinita Park, except for a single year as a patrolman in Charlack. He spends his free time at the St. Louis County Library headquarters on Lindbergh Boulevard, researching through ribbons of microfilm for details about organized crime at the turn of the century in St. Louis. Someday, if and when he retires — “They’ll have to push me out of here; I’ll be in a walker,” he says — Webb figures he might write a book about local mob history.

    Webb was a patrol supervisor back in 1985, and he remembers reading Linda Sherman’s missing-person report. He read all the daily reports as a patrol supervisor, and Linda’s report stood out. “There was just something that didn’t sound right,” says Webb, a sandy-haired man with a mustache who has since traded his police uniform for a crisp shirt and tie. “We have missing persons reported all the time. Generally, within a few days, there is contact with someone, especially a loved one like a child.”

    That’s what just about everyone said about Linda’s disappearance: It didn’t sound right.

    Linda’s parents, her brothers and her sister and brother-in-law insisted there was no way Linda would leave her 9-year-old daughter, under any circumstances. Her co-workers and friends agreed. Linda, a doting mom, wouldn’t do such a thing, they said.

    Don Sherman told police that an overnight bag and other items appeared to be missing from the house. Because Linda had left him twice before — both times emptying their home of furniture — he says he thought she’d left him again. On both of those occasions, however, she had taken Patty with her. This time, she did not. Sherman says he can’t recall what he made of his wife’s disappearance at the time. “I don’t remember exactly what was going through my head,” he says now. “It’s way too long ago to remember that.”

    As each day passed with no word from Linda, the Millers grew increasingly alarmed. They posted fliers offering a $1,000 reward for information on her whereabouts. They spoke to co-workers at the government-records center where Linda worked.

    Four days after Linda disappeared, Sam Miller says, he lay awake in bed, thinking about a musician whose car had recently turned up at Lambert Airport after he was murdered. They hadn’t looked for Linda there, he realized. He woke his wife; they got dressed and drove to the airport. They had rounded the first turn in the short-term parking garage when they saw what they were looking for: Linda’s yellow Volkswagen Beetle, her schoolbooks from a computer class inside, a hat tossed on the back seat. They called for an airport-police officer and waited for him to pop the trunk, worried they might find Linda’s body inside. The officer opened the front compartment of the Beetle, where the trunk is located. But there was no trace of Linda.

    Soon after, the Millers met with Vinita Park police, and Lt. Webb was officially assigned to the case.

    He interviewed co-workers, family members, Linda’s husband. He pinpointed the time she’d signed out of the records center. He learned that the airport kept track of cars parked in the garage longer than 24 hours, and that Linda’s car had been noted on April 24. He checked the passenger lists of airline departures from Lambert. No Linda Sherman.

    Within a week of her disappearance, Don Sherman reported that he’d seen Linda riding in a van with someone else — and that she ducked. He told police he tried to follow the vehicle but that it got away from him and he wasn’t able to write down a license-plate number.

    The lieutenant tracked down dozens of leads throughout the state of Missouri. None checked out. Linda wasn’t the type to have enemies. Webb could not find any. He checked out the male co-worker that Don Sherman says she had been seeing, but that man had an alibi and was ruled out as a suspect.

    Months passed with no sign of Linda, and police decided to go public with a plea for help in the case. Linda’s disappearance — and her family’s concerns about foul play — were described in a July 15, 1985, article in the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. “We’re at an impasse,” Vinita Park Police Chief Robert Hartz was quoted as saying. “There’s little more we can do without a break.”

    The break didn’t come.

    While everyone worried about Linda’s whereabouts, Don Sherman says he tried to move on with his life. About a year after Linda disappeared, he filed a cross-petition for divorce stating that Linda had abandoned both him and their daughter. His lawyer was Frank Anzalone, a prominent Clayton criminal- defense attorney, whose clients included people accused of serious felonies such as rape and murder. Sherman is reluctant to talk about why Anzalone handled his divorce, except to say that Anzalone has always been his lawyer and that he had first met him when Anzalone was a public defender and represented Sherman’s mother in 1974.

    “My mother killed my father,” Sherman says matter-of-factly.

    It was after midnight on Feb. 25, 1974, when police arrived at the Sherman home in Cool Valley and found 47-year-old Charles Sherman, an unemployed watchman, shot dead at the kitchen table. Audrey Sherman, his wife, and all five children said they awoke to a loud bang. Police officers searched the house and found a .38-caliber gun stashed in a heating duct. Audrey was later indicted for first-degree murder. Four months after the wedding of her son Don, she pleaded guilty to manslaughter. She served six months in the county jail.

    “She put a bullet in him as a result of one of their arguments,” Don Sherman says. “They were both alcoholics.”

    Sherman says he, too, turned to drinking in the years after his wife disappeared. “It took a long time for me to deal with it,” he says, “to come to terms with it. And a lot of alcohol.”

    By 1988, three years after Linda’s original divorce petition was filed, Anzalone’s office had had the case placed on the docket of uncontested divorces.

    Frank Vatterott, who was hired by Linda Sherman to handle her divorce, objected. “It would be impossible for me to consent to an uncontested dissolution,” he wrote in a June 21, 1988, letter to Anzalone’s office. “I have not heard from the family of Linda Sherman for approximately one year. I presume she is still missing.”

    Vatterott says he had intended to take Don Sherman’s deposition earlier in the divorce case but decided it was futile. “Anzalone, who was his lawyer, said, “We will just plead the Fifth,’” Vatterott recalls. “So I didn’t take it.” Anzalone could not be reached for comment.

    In June 1989, with Linda nowhere to be found, a judge dismissed the divorce case, thereby leaving the Sherman marriage legally intact.

    One year later, on June 28, 1990, a skull appeared outside the Casa Gallardo restaurant in Bridgeton.

    Don Sherman was there that day. He says the restaurant’s bar was his regular place to go for drinks. And when the skull showed up that day, he recalls, “It was the talk of the restaurant.” As for where the skull came from or its identity, Don Sherman says he had no idea.

    Neither did the Bridgeton police.

    Fourteen months later, an unusual piece of mail arrived at the Vinita Park Police Department. It was Sept. 6, 1991, and among the batch of letters that the administrative clerk was sorting was an unsealed envelope with no return address. Inside was an eight-month-old Super Bowl flier from the Casa Gallardo in Bridgeton. One side of the orange sheet described the promotion — cheap cocktails and free nachos to customers watching playoff games at the restaurant. The other side contained a single sentence, stamped out in purple ink:

    “THE BRIDGETON POLICE HAVE L. SHERMAN’S SKULL.”

    Lt. Webb, careful not to touch the note and envelope, was incredulous at the message inside. Could it be true? he wondered.

    “I hadn’t heard anything about Bridgeton police finding a skull,” Webb recalls. “I felt they were going to laugh us out of the place when we went in there.”

    But when Webb talked to a patrol sergeant at Bridgeton, he was told about the skull discovered a year earlier outside the restaurant. Webb delivered Linda Sherman’s dental records so that they could be compared with the “found human remains” stored away on a shelf at the county morgue. The next day, a forensic dentist confirmed that the skull was Linda Sherman’s.

    Clearly the letter-writer was someone who knew about the skull found more than a year ago and wanted Vinita Park Police to know that it was Linda Sherman’s. It could have been the killer who sent the letter. Then again, it could have been someone who merely had some knowledge about her death.

    The letter deepened the mystery and raised nagging questions for the police and for Linda’s family. Who, after police failed to identify the skull as Linda’s, sent them a note to make sure they did? Why send the note on a Casa Gallardo flier? More important, where was the rest of the body?

    That last question left the Millers both puzzled and horrified. “Whoever did this went to where they buried her and dug up just the skull and left the rest of her body there,” Sam Miller says. “We couldn’t figure out why somebody would have done that.”

    Patty Sherman, who had just turned 16 at the time her mother’s skull was identified, was living with her paternal grandmother during the week and spending weekends with her father. She remembers that she was doing her homework when two police officers knocked at her father’s door to deliver the news.

    “I wouldn’t answer the door. I had a feeling something bad was going to happen,” she recalls. She woke her father, who spoke to the police. “All he told me was, “They found your mom.’ And I just bawled. He said he didn’t know a whole lot. And he went back to his room.”

    She would learn the details later, from her cousin. “I was really upset,” she says. “We live in such a sick world that after she was dead, someone dug her up and put her somewhere, put half of her somewhere. How could somebody do that to her?”

    At the Vinita Park Police Department, the Linda Sherman missing-person case had turned into a homicide investigation. Lt. Webb scrutinized the old reports. He re-interviewed the original witnesses, six years after Linda vanished. “It was pretty difficult,” he recalls. “The trail is cold by then.”

    He forwarded the note and envelope to the FBI crime lab in Washington, D.C., but the author had been meticulous: There were no fingerprints on the letter and no saliva on the envelope. Webb requested information about the rubber stamp used to create the message and learned that it was the type widely available at office-supply stores.

    Webb shipped the skull to the University of Missouri-Columbia, where an archaeologist studied the traces of soil and a botanist examined the plant material adhering to the skull. Those examinations offered no meaningful revelations. The soil probably came from a rural setting, such as a wooded area, Webb was told, a tidbit of knowledge that didn’t come close to narrowing down where the rest of Linda’s body might be buried. The plant material was of the morning-glory species; the purple-flowered vines are common throughout Missouri.

    Webb developed his own theories about the case, but many of the details seemed to defy rational explanation. Some theories he will share; others he will not. “It seemed pretty obvious to me someone wanted us to identify that skull,” Webb says. “Why else would they send us a note telling us where to find it, helping us along, so to speak?”

    But why? “I hesitate to really speculate,” Webb continues. “There are some people, killers, who like to taunt, who think they are of a higher mentality than police — who like to play a little game.”

    Webb pressed on with his investigation. He contacted the FBI’s behavioral-sciences unit in Quantico, Va., but they didn’t have much to go on. In November 1995, he attended the national convention of the International Homicide Investigators Association, where hundreds of detectives had gathered in St. Louis. The conference drew experts who had worked on famous cases: O.J. Simpson, Ted Bundy, the Green River murders in Washington.

    Webb used the opportunity to hit people up for advice. “People I really admire, I ran into there,” he says, “very experienced homicide investigators, the experts in their field. Anybody I could I would pull aside and say, “Hey, look, I got this case — do you have any suggestions?’” For the most part, they were things he had already tried.

    Webb came to obsess about the case. It wasn’t just that Linda Sherman’s was the only unsolved murder case in Vinita Park. It was that he now knew her family. “We all have very much of a closeness to this case, anybody who’s been here for any period of time,” Webb says. “It’s been with me since 1985. Even though I didn’t personally know Linda, I’ve gotten to know several of her family members quite well…. I feel some obligation to the family that this case be resolved.”

    There was something else, too. “You hate the idea that someone committed this crime and has gotten away with it for so long,” Webb says. “I want him or her to know that it’s not going to be forgotten. Any new development in forensic science or some type of lead will be followed up. It’s my job. It’s something I have to do. She’s not here to speak for herself, so somebody has to speak for her.”

    Webb never eased up on the case. Thirteen years after Linda Sherman was reported missing and eight years after her skull turned up, Webb still had little to go on except the skull itself.

    “My idea has always been, the key to this case is the recovery of the rest of the remains,” Webb says. “I feel if we could find that original burial site, we could glean a lot more evidence, even after all these years — evidence that might help convict the killer or help identify the killer.”

    Then, for the first time in several years, Webb had some reason for optimism. At a conference on crime-scene archaeology held in Weldon Spring last year, Webb listened to speakers describe advances in soil science. An FBI agent and a college professor told Webb that the tiny amounts of dirt on Linda Sherman’s skull might provide a break in the case.

    That was all Webb needed to hear.

    Three months ago, on the morning of Aug. 19, with Sam and Fran Miller watching, a backhoe shoveled the dirt on Linda Sherman’s grave in Steedman Cemetery near Fulton, Mo., and unearthed the 18-inch-square concrete vault containing her skull. FBI agents supervised the exhumation and shipped the skull in a wooden crate to Mercyhurst College in Erie, Pa.

    At the college’s Archeological Institute, Professor James Adovasio spends most of his time applying high-tech principles to archaeological sites in such places as Israel, the Ukraine and the central part of the Czech Republic. But he has also put his skills to work as a sort of high-tech soil sleuth in archaeological-theft cases prosecuted by the federal government.

    With the use of X-rays and powerful electron microscopes, one sample of sediment can be distinguished from another almost to the level and precision of a fingerprint, Adovasio says. He has examined soil in seven federal cases involving prosecutions under the U.S. Archeological Protection Act.

    The Linda Sherman case will be Adovasio’s first murder case. The technology is both costly and time-consuming, making it impractical for most routine criminal cases, he says, adding that it’s a rare case in which dirt is the best available evidence. Adovasio will compare a sample of dirt from Linda’s skull with seven samples provided by Vinita Park police, who suspect her body may be buried in an area of Missouri that measures several hundred acres. Vinita Park police are not saying exactly where that area is.

    The analysis could rule out that area entirely — or it could help narrow down where to look more closely.

    Adovasio explains. “If you went into your frontyard… we could take a sample from one end and another end and find broad similarities to it,” he says. “But the samples will be sufficiently different that if you buried an object on one end of your yard and then an object on the other end, I could say with a certain degree of statistical certainty that the objects came from the same yard but definitely not the same hole.”

    The technology available today is far more advanced than it was in 1985, when Linda Sherman disappeared, Adovasio says: “With the advent of computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-rays, we can actually count individual grains of sediment and find out what the chemical composition of a grain of sediment is. And you couldn’t do that 15 years ago.”

    Adovasio expects the final results on the tests of soil taken from Linda Sherman’s skull to be in shortly before Thanksgiving.

    One of Adovasio’s colleagues, anthropologist Dennis Dirkmaat, will be examining the markings and indentations on the skull. Dirkmaat has consulted on 250 criminal cases. He will be looking for clues to determine where the skull has been. “We’ll look carefully at subtle bits of evidence,” Dirkmaat says. “Is there evidence the body decomposed on the surface or was buried or in water?

    “One of the thing we will want to look at is trauma to the skull… I saw that some of the bones were broken. We’ll do a more detailed examination of what may have caused the trauma: Was it perimortem — at the time of death — or postmortem, and what may have caused that?”

    Patty Sherman Harvell, now married and living in Attica, Ind. with her husband and 4-year-old daughter, is waiting for news about the soil tests on her mother’s skull. Now 24, she last saw her mom when she was a fourth-grader at George Washington Elementary School. “I couldn’t even close my eyes and tell you what she looked like if I didn’t have pictures,” Patty says regretfully. “I think about her all the time. I think about what I missed, about how my daughter is going to grow up without her grandma. It was really hard growing up without a mother.

    “I wish I knew her. People tell me I look just like her — everybody tells me that — and I wish I knew her.” In the past several months, Patty has grown increasingly interested in finding out what happened to her mother all those years ago. She wants to find the rest of her mother’s body “so we can put her to rest,” she says.

    “It’s been a long time not knowing. Maybe I’ll have some type of closure on it,” says Patty, who has a recurrent nightmare about her mother. She sees her sleeping on the sofa at their home in Vinita Park — the way she did on the last day Patty saw her mother alive. Patty is leaving for school, but her mother fails to kiss her goodbye. Patty always wakes up in tears. She’s not sure what it means.

    “I just want to know what happened to her,” she says. “I just wish I knew.” Patty begins to cry. “I want somebody to pay for taking that away from me.”

    It’s an awkward situation, because she knows who police suspect. It’s her father.

    And he’s known it for 14 years.

    When his wife first disappeared, police called Don Sherman down to the station and asked him questions. They asked to take a look around his house. They asked about that final day he spent with his wife. They asked about the couple’s marriage.

    They kept asking questions.

    “It used to be a regular thing,” Don Sherman says. “They used to come by and say, “Well, can you come down to the station….”

    “I’m pretty much the only suspect they have,” he adds.

    Don Sherman still lives in the same house on Monroe Avenue. Now it’s decorated with candy-corn lights and stickers in the window and other signs of his 6-year-old daughter, a child with his second wife, whom he married in 1994. He’s 42 now, a tool-room supervisor for a company in Belleville, Ill.

    Sherman is willing to talk about his first wife, but he does so on the front porch. His current wife is inside, and he’s worried it might be uncomfortable. He wears blue jeans and a black T-shirt with the big face of a bald eagle. He sports a full beard and hair that falls halfway down his back.

    “I’ve long stopped worrying about it,” Sherman says about the police suspicion. “I didn’t do anything. It’s been, what, 14 years? A lot of things have happened in my life since then. Till this new thing, the new technology, I hadn’t thoug